PaEasy Emergency Medicine Practice Exam

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• A patient with hip fracture is suspected after an elderly fall. Which fracture best fits a shortened leg with external rotation?
• What EKG finding is pathognomonic for hypothermia?
• If bradyarrhythmias are not responsive to atropine, what additional management should be considered?
• In Hymenoptera stings, which option best describes initial management to remove venom and prevent progression of symptoms?
• What is the most common fracture-dislocation of the wrist joint?
• Which sign would indicate diaphragmatic injury after trauma?
• Which age group is least likely to experience a dislocation or sprain when significant stress is placed on joints?
• Which is a common cause of neurogenic shock?
• What is the Rule of the Nines proportion for the head in burn injuries?
• Which statement best describes the clinical features of thyroid storm?
• Which of the following is a listed cause of hypercalcemia related to vitamin D activity?
• Recent travel with alternating constipation and diarrhea, colitis, abdominal pain, fever, weight loss. Which disease is likely?
• A blowing, musical murmur along the left sternal border is most consistent with which valve lesion?
• Giant multinucleated cells observed on cytology are most characteristic of infection with which virus?
• Greasy yellow scales on the chest and face are most consistent with which condition?
• Which therapy is controversial and not routinely recommended for spine injuries?
• Lyme disease is caused by which organism?
• An athlete presents with swelling of the external ear after blunt traumatic impact. Which is the most appropriate management?
• In the Duke criteria for infective endocarditis, which finding satisfies a major criterion?
• Wernicke's area is primarily associated with language comprehension and is located in which lobe?
• Which of the following is an intrinsic cause of hemolysis?
• A joint aspirate shows yellow, cloudy fluid with more than 50,000 WBCs and more than 50% PMNs. The diagnosis is:
• Which of the following is recommended if a Gila Monster bite is still attached to the patient?
• Labyrinthitis presents with rotational vertigo and nystagmus. What is the characteristic direction of nystagmus?
• Which of the following is a step in the initial treatment of hyperkalemia?
• In atrial flutter, which treatment is pursued if there are no contraindications?
• Beclomethasone (Qvar) is which type of medication?
• Which fracture is a Y-shaped three-part fracture of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint?
• What condition is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity, with symptoms such as dyspareunia, infertility, abnormal bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain?
• In kidney disease–related bleeding disorders, which treatment is commonly used to shorten bleeding time by releasing stored von Willebrand factor and factor VIII?
• An avulsion fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal is commonly called which fracture?
• What is the classic triad of symptoms for pulmonary embolism?
• Which practice is NOT recommended in marine trauma wound care?
• What is the most common ECG abnormality in patients with a pulmonary embolism?
• Which burn depth is characterized by pink blisters and involves the epidermis and upper dermis?
• Which illness is caused by a virus from the Coltivirus genus?
• Which sign is defined by pain on dorsiflexion of the foot and is classically used in evaluating deep vein thrombosis?
• Which murmur is pansystolic, blowing, high-pitched, and radiates to the left axilla?
• Which antivirals shorten the course of influenza A or B?
• Which AV block is characterized by progressive PR interval lengthening until a P wave is dropped?
• Which knee structure is most likely injured in an anterior cruciate ligament tear during a non-contact pivoting injury?
• Which GU injuries can be treated on an outpatient basis?
• What is the definitive treatment for pyloric stenosis?
• What imaging study is the imaging study of choice for suspected kidney stones?
• In trauma during pregnancy, which interventions should be avoided unless OB/GYN consultation is obtained?
• A 16-year-old with knee abrasion; last DTaP booster was at age 4. Which tetanus prophylaxis plan is MOST appropriate?
• In CRAO, the macula appears on exam as which of the following?
• A person recently swam and now has watery diarrhea, fever, cramping, and N/V. Which organism is most likely, and what is a treatment option?
• Physostigmine is used with caution in anticholinergic toxicity because of risks including hypersalivation, AV block, seizures. Which drug's adverse effects limit its use?
• Which of the following is not part of the five Hs?
• Abrupt onset diarrhea with blood and mucous, fever, tenesmus, malaise. Dx and tx.
• Pharyngitis with pharyngeal exudates suggests which etiologic category?
• In suspected Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism after a scuba incident, which position is recommended for the patient?
• Which condition presents with asymmetric swelling of peritonsillar tissue and uvular deviation away from the affected side, with symptoms such as sore throat, drooling, 'hot potato' voice, and trismus?
• Which is the most appropriate initial management for heat cramps?
• Which of the following is a likely cause of a high anion gap metabolic acidosis in a non-diabetic patient?
• Placenta previa is typically described with which bleeding pattern and fetal status?
• Which statement correctly describes sprain grades?
• A delirious 8-year-old with influenza and noninflammatory CSF, liver enlargement, and vomiting—what is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which nerve is tested by saying 'ahh'?
• What is the appropriate management for a septal hematoma once identified?
• What is Kussmaul sign?
• Bethesda inhibitor assay is for measuring the amount of antibody against factors in Hemophilia A and B.
• Which statement best defines the pain duration categories: acute, subacute, and chronic?
• Which imaging modality is more sensitive for hyperacute and acute intracranial hemorrhage?
• In dermatitis management, the primary treatment focus is to
• Tetralogy of Fallot has which associated symptom?
• What is the nonoperative method to decompress a sigmoid volvulus after diagnosis?
• Osteosarcoma has a bimodal age distribution with peaks at which age ranges?
• Ranson criteria are used to predict mortality in which condition?
• During a shoulder dislocation, which nerve is most at risk of injury?
• Small bowel and colon injuries are most commonly caused by what type of trauma?
• Which antiviral is used to treat herpes simplex encephalitis?
• The door-to-needle time for thrombolysis in STEMI is how many minutes?
• Which syndrome presents with greater weakness in the upper extremities after a cervical hyperextension?
• Fresh water exposure, high fever, severe headache, myalgia, hepatitis, conjunctivitis without purulent discharge.
• Which laboratory finding may be seen in Ehrlichiosis?
• Nerve injury most commonly associated with a humeral shaft fracture?
• In Class 4 hypovolemic shock, the pulse is greater than?
• In HIV-positive patients with AIDS presenting with ring-enhancing brain lesions, which organism is classically implicated and treated with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine?
• A bundle branch block may develop after acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, or aortic stenosis and is due to a conduction delay in the right or left bundle branches. Which finding describes this condition?
• What is the definition of hyperkalemia?
• Acute otitis media is most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis, with high-dose amoxicillin as the standard therapy. Which condition is this description most consistent with?
• Which of the following is a potential consequence of correcting sodium too rapidly in a patient with hypernatremia?
• Pityriasis rosea is classically preceded by a herald patch and followed by patches in a Christmas tree pattern along skin lines. Which condition is this?
• For chemical spills involving metals such as sodium, lithium, calcium, or magnesium, what irrigation fluid is preferred?
• Chvostek sign is elicited by tapping which nerve?
• Severe lower leg pain, inability to plantarflex, and inability to walk on toes after pushing off is most consistent with which injury?
• Which EKG finding is most characteristic of hypothermia?
• Which pair of organisms are most commonly implicated as etiologic agents for bacterial meningitis in young adults living in dormitories?
• Mitral stenosis is best heard when the patient is in which position?
• What percentage of volume loss causes hypovolemic shock?
• Interdigital scaling, maceration, erythema of the soles or palms, and itching is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• What is the PERC criteria used for?
• Which is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock?
• What is the most common cause of hypocalcemia?
• Which sputum findings are associated with asthma?
• How is anterior epistaxis managed according to the material?
• For suspected infective endocarditis, what is a recommended initial diagnostic step?
• In thyroid storm, which medication is used to inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis and peripheral conversion?
• In patients with NSTEMI and elevated troponins, which initial therapy is recommended before coronary catheterization?
• Left-sided heart failure contributes to pleural effusions by increasing hydrostatic pressure, producing which type of effusion?
• In electrical injuries, which age group is more likely to experience high voltage injuries at work?
• Painless indurated genital ulcer on the genitals is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Which IV fluid can be infused in the same line as blood components?
• A comminuted intra-articular fracture through the base of the first metacarpal (base of the thumb) is known as which fracture?
• What is the most common symptom of thrombocytopenia?
• In pneumonia empiric treatment, which category corresponds to CAP requiring inpatient treatment?
• Which imaging studies and signs are typically seen in congestive heart failure?
• Hypernatremia is defined as serum sodium above what level?
• In HIV patients, which virus is the most common cause of serious opportunistic viral disease?
• A Colles fracture typically involves which direction of the distal fragment's tilt?
• An elderly patient with rectal fecal impaction presents with cramping and rectal pain; which is the initial therapy?
• Which diagnosis is most likely given immediate pinprick sensation after a spider bite with a target-shaped lesion at the bite site, muscle cramps, tachycardia, and nausea/vomiting?
• In electrical injuries, which age group typically experiences low voltage injuries from electrical outlets?
• What is the high-risk cutoff for the GRACE score in ACS risk stratification?
• A patient develops more than a 50% drop in platelets within a week of starting heparin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• In a patient with cirrhosis presenting with massive hematemesis, the most likely source is which condition?
• Desmopressin can shorten bleeding time in bleeding disorders due to which conditions?
• In suspected anaphylaxis, what is the first priority in management?
• Mastoiditis is a rare complication of otitis media. Typical treatment duration is:
• Achalasia shows a classic deformity on barium swallow. What is this deformity commonly described as?
• What is the most commonly indicated test for signs of foodborne illness (i.e., diarrhea)?
• What are the adjunctive tx for fibrinolysis or PCI?
• In suspected alcoholic ketoacidosis, what is the critical initial management step before giving dextrose?
• Which sign is used to assess median nerve function?
• Which of the following is an appropriate treatment for lice infestation?
• Deficiency in factor VIII is associated with which bleeding disorder?
• An elderly woman with wrist pain near the anatomic snuffbox after a fall; which carpal bone is most likely fractured?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed cause of hypomagnesemia?
• Which test is used to detect Helicobacter pylori infection?
• Laryngitis is most commonly caused by which type of infectious agents?
• During a physical exam after a nasal bone fracture, which finding must you look for to prevent ischemic necrosis of the nasal septum?
• First-line antibiotic for acute sinusitis is Augmentin 1000/62.5 for 7-10 days.
• The 'Spilled teacup sign' on a lateral X-ray of the wrist indicates which dislocation?
• Abscess management after incision and drainage: which statement describes when antibiotics are necessary?
• Which type of chemical burn is described as coagulation necrosis with eschar after a chemical spill on the arm?
• Which physical finding indicates poor peripheral perfusion in shock?
• In a child with hemophilia, which joint is most commonly affected by hemarthrosis?
• A patient presents with small grey vesicles and punched-out ulcers in the posterior pharynx. Which organism most likely causes this presentation?
• Which heart sounds are typically heard with myocardial infarction?
• After blunt chest trauma, a patient has dullness to percussion and elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with diminished breath sounds. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which Salter-Harris fracture types involve cartilage of both the articular surface and growth plate and usually require open reduction and internal fixation?
• Which laboratory finding is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?
• In a patient with gastritis presenting with hematemesis, which test is most sensitive for diagnosing the condition?
• In a blowout fracture, which sign indicates orbital fat herniation into the maxillary sinus on plain radiographs?
• What potassium level defines hypokalemia?
• Nitroglycerin may provide relief in which conditions?
• Which statement best describes the management of Eastern Coral Snake bites?
• How long does tissue necrosis take after a high‑pressure pinpoint entry of a foreign body?
• Which fracture is a fracture/dislocation of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint?
• Which statement best reflects the initial management of an ACL injury in the emergency setting?
• Which statement best describes a Maisonneuve fracture?
• Which hematoma results from venous injury and has a slower onset after head trauma, with symptoms such as headache and confusion?
• Acute inflammation of the lacrimal gland is called what?
• Which treatment is recommended for flea bites?
• Which factor is NOT useful in diagnosing dysbarism?
• What age group is most at risk to develop osteoid osteoma?
• Which of the following is NOT a minor criterion in the Duke criteria for diagnosing infective endocarditis?
• Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration below which value?
• Which regimen is recommended for treatment of gonorrhea and chlamydia co-infection?
• Which option correctly pairs the type of hypotonic hyponatremia with an example?
• In hemolytic anemia, which laboratory value is typically decreased?
• Infective endocarditis is most commonly caused by which organisms?
• In a patient with ongoing blood loss, what is the recommended disposition?
• In Guillain-Barré, what is the typical direction of weakness on the body?
• Which Le Fort fracture describes craniofacial disjunction with the entire face separated from the skull?
• The nonpitting, dry, waxy swelling of the skin seen in myxedema is referred to as what?
• A patient presents with immediate pain and paresthesias after a sting, a positive tap test, tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, roving eye movements, muscle spasms, vision impairment, and dysphagia. Dx and treatment?
• Which fracture is a transverse fracture of the diaphyseal region at the base of the fifth metatarsal?
• Outdoor exposure followed by intense pruritus near waistbands with papules enlarging to nodules over a couple days. Diagnosis and initial management?
• Inflammatory cystic acne on the face of a young woman.
• In a patient younger than 18 with back pain, which condition is specifically listed as a concern?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of Virchow's Triad?
• Which incomplete spinal injury has the worst prognosis?
• Activated charcoal is generally not effective for which toxin categories?
• Fresh water exposure with maculopapular dermatitis on the lower legs that itches, followed by fever, urticaria, headache, and eosinophilia. Which disease is most likely?
• Permanent neuronal injury can ensue within how many minutes of continuous seizure activity, even in the absence of apparent convulsions?
• Beclomethasone (Qvar) is what type of drug?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism?
• A 64-year-old man with perforated sigmoid colon undergoes emergent surgery. Which operation is most appropriate in an unprepared patient?
• Which of the following is a hallmark laboratory finding in diabetic ketoacidosis?
• A 24-year-old male has had two syncopal episodes in the last 3 years, both during exercise of the right arm. What is the likely cause?
• Hypertonic saline is indicated for severe hyponatremia when serum sodium falls below what threshold?
• In a trauma patient with suspected cardiac tamponade presenting with hypotension, JVD, and muffled heart sounds, what is the most appropriate first-line management?
• For more severe bronchiolitis, which therapy may be added?
• ST elevations in leads II, III, and aVF indicate infarction in which territory and artery?
• What deformity predisposes to testicular torsion?
• What is the most common ankle sprain?
• An elderly woman with severe dehydration is treated in the ED. Which IV fluid is indicated initially?
• Panic disorder is frequently encountered in the ED and the s/s mimic those of other illnesses. What tests should be done for the diagnosis of exclusion?
• Which valvular heart disease is most commonly associated with syncope?
• Which nerve controls tongue movement?
• Match the cerebral lobes to their primary functions: Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Occipital Lobe.
• Which fracture is an oblique fracture through the base of the radial styloid in the forearm?
• Which radiographic sign is associated with pancreatitis on X-ray, as mentioned in the material?
• Which drug is used to treat Amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica)?
• Flea bites, fever, painful and suppurative bubos in the groin.
• A patient has a fixed dilated pupil on the right, left-sided weakness after head trauma, and a biconvex lesion on CT. Diagnosis?
• Which type of shoulder dislocation is most common?
• Which illness presents with abrupt onset of fever, chills, headache, myalgia, malaise, sore throat, and bilateral tender cervical lymph nodes?
• Which sign is classically associated with cardiac tamponade?
• Aspiration of a joint yields clear, transparent fluid with fewer than 200 WBCs and less than 25% PMNs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• In a patient with sudden hypotension, muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus, and echocardiography showing a large pericardial effusion, what is the most appropriate next step in management?
• Which laboratory finding would most directly indicate anemia?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four syndromes of severe arbovirus infection?
• Pediatric fever algorithm: for babies less than 28 days old with fever ≥38°C, what is the recommended management?
• What meds should a patient go home with after ACS?
• Painful grouped vesicles on an erythematous base.
• Inversion ankle sprain typically injures which ligament first?
• In the described case of unknown drug use and fever, why is a urine drug screen not the most helpful diagnostic test?
• Hip dislocations are often associated with which fracture?
• What measure may be helpful before using adenosine for paroxysmal SVT?
• A 64-year-old patient with recurrent syncope and a completely unremarkable cardiac workup. Which diagnosis should be considered as a likely cause?
• A chest X-ray showing a water bottle-shaped heart is most characteristic of which condition?
• Which disease presents with high fever then defervescence followed by a maculopapular rash and is associated with HHV-6?
• What will a Gram stain of a gonorrheal infection typically show?
• A wedge fracture is caused by which mechanism?
• In a patient older than 50 with back pain, which condition is a high‑priority life-threatening concern?
• In the assessment of Circulation during the Primary Survey, which finding best fits the description provided in the material?
• What is the treatment for symptomatic hypocalcemia?
• What is the most common injured organ in blunt abdominal trauma?
• In the Glasgow Coma Scale, which Verbal score corresponds to inappropriate words?
• In the management of preeclampsia, which combination lists seizure prophylaxis and first-line antihypertensive?
• Which medication is indicated if a mushroom-poisoning patient is hallucinating or agitated?
• Recent travel followed by localized inflammation at the site of a fly bite that evolves into a painless chancre with intermittent fevers, rash, and behavioral or neurologic changes. Which diagnosis best fits this presentation?
• Which hepatitis can become chronic?
• Bankart fracture refers to detachment of which structure?
• Acute bacterial prostatitis is treated with which antibiotic class?
• In a femoral neck fracture that is non-displaced, what would you expect regarding leg length?
• Flu-like symptoms progressing quickly to mediastinal and hilar edema and respiratory failure describe which infection?
• In an asthmatic or COPD patient, what is the typical progression of CO2 and oxygen that indicates impending respiratory failure?
• Pain followed by erythematous papules in a unilateral dermatomal distribution that turns to vesicles and crusted.
• What EKG finding is commonly seen in dilated cardiomyopathy?
• What is the recommended action if there is no improvement after four months of hepatitis B treatment?
• Which of the following conditions can cause hypotonic hypervolemic hyponatremia?
• Alternating convergent strabismus is considered normal until what age in infants?
• Name one scoring system that begins with the letter H and is used to guide ACS treatment.
• Which disease presents with an erythematous plaque at the tick bite site and painful regional lymphadenopathy (ulceroglandular form)?
• A Burst fracture involves compression of which vertebral columns?
• Which of the following is listed as a diarrhea treatment in the material?
• What is the most common cause of anaphylactic shock?
• For severe high altitude illness, which combination of medications is recommended?
• Which antibiotic option is listed for septic shock management?
• Observation alone can be used as the primary management strategy in pediatric head injury when which condition is present?
• Which pathogens are commonly associated with patchy radiographic infiltrates in pneumonia?
• Pulsus paradoxus is most commonly associated with which condition?
• A joint aspirate shows yellow and cloudy fluid with 200–50,000 WBCs and more than 50% PMNs. This fluid is classified as:
• In Class 3 hypovolemic shock, mental status is described as?
• Which spider has an antivenom that can be given for acute symptoms?
• Which medication can be given to reduce blood pressure so that tPA can be administered?
• Which cardiac marker appears 3-6 hours after MI and remains elevated for 2-4 days and is specific to heart muscle?
• A 17-year-old female distance runner has diffuse anterior knee pain that worsens when walking up or down stairs or squatting. There is no history of acute trauma and no knee effusion. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A patient presents with left upper quadrant pain and imaging shows intraperitoneal blood with rebound tenderness. What is the suspected diagnosis?
• Which symptom is commonly associated with hypokalemia?
• What are the three most common causes of DIC?
• An older patient presents to the ER with recurrent syncope and a completely unremarkable cardiac workup. Which diagnosis should be considered as a likely cause?
• If hyponatremia is corrected too quickly, what neurologic complication can occur?
• Infectious presentation with posterior pharyngeal ulcers and vesicles is most suggestive of which virus?
• How do you test motor and sensory function of the median nerve?
• What is the most reliable sign of compartment syndrome?
• In anterior shoulder dislocation, which associated injuries are commonly present?
• In unstable hypokalemia, what is the recommended route for replacement?
• Which of the following is a neurologic effect listed for malignant hypertension?
• Which topical antifungal is listed for the treatment of tinea pedis, manuum, cruris, and corporis?
• Greenstick fractures occur almost exclusively in which population?
• Bronchial foreign body aspiration presents with which signs?
• In suspected pelvic fracture after high-energy trauma, which assessment step is essential?
• In aplastic anemia, transfusing red blood cells in small volumes over several hours can help prevent complications; giving units too rapidly can lead to which complication?
• For suspected testicular torsion, which imaging modality is the diagnostic imaging of choice to confirm the diagnosis?
• Which description best matches the typical pain of pancreatitis?
• In a patient with sickle cell disease presenting with chest pain, fever, tachypnea, and hypoxemia, what is the most likely diagnosis?
• For a hemodynamically unstable symptomatic complete heart block, which is the most immediate management option?
• What is the recommended initial management for Stevens-Johnson syndrome according to the material?
• In adults, which joints are dislocated more frequently than the elbow?
• In Class 3 hypovolemic shock, the pulse is greater than?
• Which procedure is commonly performed to evaluate and drain a pleural effusion?
• A patient with petechiae, diffuse hemorrhages, altered mental status, oliguria, and focal ischemia is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Which treatment option is indicated for epiglottitis in an emergency setting?
• Which organism most commonly causes erysipelas?
• Which structures can sense pain in the brain?
• Which should NEVER be used in the treatment of cocaine-associated chest pain?
• Blepharitis is inflammation of which anatomic structure?
• Which nerve is most commonly injured in mid- or distal humeral shaft fractures?
• Which statement about Brown-Sequard syndrome is true?
• Chest radiographic pattern is most typical for Mycoplasma pneumonia?
• Tx for heparin-induced bleeding?
• Which valve lesion is typically associated with a murmur best heard at the base of the heart and radiating to the neck?
• Which finding would confirm a diaphragmatic injury following trauma?
• Intense perianal itching in a child. Which infection is most likely?
• West Nile virus typically presents with fever and headache after a mosquito bite. Which is the recommended initial management?
• Which drug is used to treat Schistosomiasis?
• In Class 2 hypovolemic shock, blood pressure is described as:
• ST elevations in V1, V2 indicate which MI and artery?
• Which hepatitis B serology marker indicates current infection?
• Which radiographic views should be obtained if a patellar fracture is suspected?
• Spinal shock is typically characterized by which finding?
• Which statement about electrocardiogram findings in calcium disorders is true?
• Which of the following is NOT among the five T's?
• The most common enzymopathy of red blood cells is which deficiency?
• What is the 3:1 rule for fluid resuscitation in hemorrhage?
• What is the name of complete rupture of the extensor tendon at the distal phalanx causing DIP flexion?
• Purple, polygonal pruritic papules with Wickham striae describe which condition?
• Which feature best differentiates diabetic ketoacidosis from hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?
• A 1-year-old with easy bruising presents with swelling and warmth over the knee due to hemarthrosis. Which physical finding would you expect?
• In epididymitis among men under 40, the usual pathogens are from which category?
• Which medication is considered first-line therapy for schizophrenia in this material?
• Why must a posterior hip dislocation be reduced promptly (within about 6 hours)?
• Cranial Nerves: Which option lists a correct pairing?
• Which feature distinguishes necrotizing fasciitis from cellulitis?
• What is the most common cause of infectious arthritis in young adults?
• Which DI type reacts to a water deprivation test?
• What is a recommended management for gastroenteritis according to the material?
• Acute leukemia presents with which constellation of symptoms?
• What blood glucose level is typical for diabetic ketoacidosis?
• In men, chlamydia most commonly presents as which condition?
• What is the net acid-base disturbance typically seen in salicylate overdose?
• Which of the following best describes the treatment for thyroid storm?
• Where is the most likely site of elbow bursitis in a patient with swelling near the elbow?
• In an elderly man with syncope and a systolic murmur consistent with aortic stenosis, which test is most appropriate next?
• What is the most common cause of true hyperkalemia?
• Which medication directly inhibits glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on platelets to prevent aggregation?
• Which drug is associated with torsades de pointes?
• Which test is diagnostic of Achilles tendon rupture?
• Which disease features lesions that have a depression in the center and are all at the same stage, spreading from the face/arms to trunk/legs?
• Which statement is true about management of marine puncture wounds?
• TIMI and GRACE scoring systems stratify risk in which condition?
• Patellofemoral syndrome is most common in which population?
• Late hypothermia symptom?
• Which statement best reflects the treatment approach for High Altitude Pulmonary Edema?
• Secondary hypertension is defined as hypertension due to an identifiable cause.
• Which is the most common type of anthrax?
• A 76-year-old man with dyspnea and signs of congestive heart failure would most likely have which abdominal finding due to hepatic congestion?
• Which antidote reverses the effects of opioids?
• Which is a critical component of management for epiglottitis?
• In a 68-year-old woman with dyspnea and a new systolic murmur, what is the most appropriate next diagnostic step?
• Which radiographic sign is described as the coffee bean sign on abdominal imaging?
• Enlarged tonsils, exudates, and petechiae of the palate are classic for infection with which organism?
• Which hepatitis viruses are transmitted by fecal-oral routes?
• Which Le Fort fracture is a pyramidal fracture through the central maxilla and hard palate?
• Which ECG finding is characteristic of hyperkalemia?
• A 46-year-old woman presents with wrist pain and a jelly-like bump on the dorsum of the wrist. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which mechanism is commonly associated with posterior cruciate ligament injuries?
• Which symptoms are commonly associated with cardiomyopathy?
• Which fracture is the fracture of the proximal third of the fibula with rupture of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed cause of hypothermia?
• For a diabetic foot ulcer that is limb- or life-threatening with fever, ischemic changes, and lymphangitis, which management step is indicated?
• What nerve injury is associated with a humeral shaft fracture?
• Heat syncope is primarily caused by which combination of factors?
• In Class 3 hypovolemic shock, the respiratory rate is?
• In addition to MONA, which combination of medications is commonly used in the management of myocardial infarction?
• What syndrome features quadriparesis with more involvement of upper extremities and loss of pain and temperature sensation more in the upper extremities?
• Which nerve injuries are most commonly associated with forearm injuries?
• What delta pressure value indicates compartment syndrome?
• What are the treatments for bradyarrhythmias?
• Pediatric fever algorithm: for children aged 28 days to 3 months with fever ≥38°C, what is recommended?
• Hepatitis D must you have co-infection with which hepatitis?
• Which laboratory finding would indicate anemia?
• What is the most likely diagnosis in a patient with abrupt severe headache, vertigo, nystagmus, sensory loss, and facial weakness on one side?
• In a patient with suspected acute anemia presenting with instability, what is the initial management step?
• The four types of urinary incontinence are total, stress, urge, and overflow. What term completes the sentence?
• Which of the following are sulfonylureas?
• What radiographic sign is commonly seen on AP and lateral neck radiographs in croup?
• Baseline fetal heart rate range is between which of the following?
• Which description corresponds to a fracture that is 50% displaced in the distal metaphysis?
• A patient with salmonellosis is treated with which antibiotic?
• In a patient with chest pain where MI is ruled out, which history clue might suggest GI-induced chest pain?
• Which splint is commonly used to immobilize a scaphoid fracture?
• In a strain, which tissues are injured?
• What blood pressure threshold excludes the use of tPA in ischemic stroke?
• Which electrolyte levels should be monitored to avoid digoxin toxicity in a heart failure patient?
• Epiglottitis is most commonly seen in children between which ages?
• Which of the following is listed among home medications after ACS for cardiovascular risk reduction?
• Which muscle is most commonly involved in a rotator cuff tear?
• Which fracture type is caused by repetitive stress and may not be seen on initial radiographs?
• Which DSM-IV axis addresses psychosocial and environmental factors?
• Which protozoan is a principal agent of traveler's diarrhea?
• Which statement correctly lists vitamin K–dependent clotting factors?
• What is the antidote for digoxin toxicity?
• Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial sensation?
• In trauma, the FAST exam has replaced which technique for evaluating hemodynamically unstable patients?
• Which of the following best represents the standard treatment for moderate to major thermal burns?
• What is the most commonly used anticoagulant therapy in the US?
• Which stool finding is most specific for occult blood testing in diarrhea?
• What are the 5 levels of verbal response in the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• In a cat or dog bite, which organism is most commonly involved?
• Which antidote is used for tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
• In suspected acute epiglottitis, what is the initial treatment of choice?
• Which presentation includes jaw stiffness and risus sardonicus with muscle rigidity and spasms?
• Which syndrome injures the anterior aspect of the spinal cord causing paralysis and loss of pain and temperature with preserved position sense?
• What is the most common identifiable cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?
• Cardiac tamponade classically presents with which combination?
• The findings of unilateral periorbital edema (Romana sign), painful cutaneous edema (Chagoma), lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly are most consistent with which disease?
• In anterior cord syndrome, which modalities are preserved?
• What is the recommended management for Galeazzi fracture?
• For asymptomatic hypocalcemia, what is the recommended treatment?
• What is the initial management step for a confirmed lunate dislocation?
• For suspected ruptured ovarian cyst causing acute pain, what is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice?
• Conjunctival congestion suggests which etiologic agent in pharyngitis?
• A 66-year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome on prednisone presents with cough and dyspnea. Which diagnosis is highly suspected due to the hypercoagulable state associated with nephrotic syndrome?
• TEN and SJS typically evolve after exposure to certain drugs or infections. If less than 10% of body is affected, it is aka ____. If greater than 30% of the body is affected, it is aka ____.
• What is the most common first symptom of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
• What is the best chance for long-term survival in aplastic anemia?
• During pertussis, the catarrhal stage most closely resembles which condition?
• What is an appropriate initial empiric antibiotic regimen for orbital cellulitis?
• Which condition is a known risk factor for multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)?
• A patient presents with decreased leg pulses, pale skin, and cool, shiny skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which antiviral medication is commonly used to treat genital herpes infections?
• Which medication increases aqueous humor outflow in acute angle-closure glaucoma?
• Which primary survey step focuses on visualizing any hidden injuries by exposing the patient?
• Stage 1 iron toxicity presents with which manifestation?
• What is the standard treatment for syphilis?
• Which antibiotic classes are used to treat both anthrax and Yersinia pestis plague?
• What is the treatment for sporotrichosis?
• Which of the following is NOT a symptom of late hypothermia?
• A scuba diver ascends and experiences truncal constriction (a feeling of tight around the chest) and ascending paralysis. What is the diagnosis and initial treatment?
• Which factors aggravate symptoms in acute pericarditis?
• What is the most common arbovirus in returning travelers?
• Which nerve root is associated with plantar flexion weakness?
• Which clinical finding is characteristic of Kawasaki disease?
• Which CSF finding is typical of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• Which condition is the leading cause of death in myocardial infarction?
• Troponin elevations are not reliable until after how many hours?
• Which of the following is a primary malignant tumor of the bone?
• Which is true of encephalitis CSF findings?
• Which cancer is NOT typically a vertebral metastasis?
• A scuba diver has hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and a positive fistula test. What is the diagnosis and initial management?
• What test confirms the diagnosis of biliary cirrhosis?
• What is the most reliable test to diagnose carbon monoxide poisoning?
• In Class 4 hypovolemic shock, blood volume lost is?
• What is the recommended treatment for unstable supraventricular tachycardia?
• A diffuse macular erythroderma rash is classically associated with which syndrome?
• What is generally the first imaging study for suspected testicular torsion?
• Subdural hematoma on CT is typically crescent-shaped. Which option reflects this?
• Subacute back pain duration is defined as pain lasting between which weeks?
• Beta-blocker overdose commonly causes which effect on blood sugar?
• A 3-year-old boy presents with acute onset of cough and wheezing. Focal wheezing is heard in the right lower lung. Which test should be ordered to confirm the suspected diagnosis?
• Two of the most important risk factors in the development of stress gastritis are coagulopathy and respiratory failure. Which choice would indicate coagulopathy?
• How is vaginal candidiasis diagnosed?
• Which of the following is classified as a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
• Which congenital heart disease is classically associated with cyanosis due to a right-to-left shunt?
• Which physical exam findings are most indicative of myocardial infarction?
• In documentation of a 19-year-old with rhyming, nonsensical speech during an interview, which term best describes this behavior?
• Which IV fluid is used for dehydration according to the protocol described?
• Which medication is used to inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in thyroid storm?
• Infective endocarditis, which finding confirms the diagnosis as a minor criterion per Duke criteria?
• Which fracture is an intra-articular fracture with a displaced radial articular fragment?
• What are common fractures associated with shoulder dislocation?
• What is the imaging modality of choice when orbital cellulitis is suspected?
• Among adults over 50 with back pain, which condition is described as a vascular emergency to consider?
• Impetigo is a contagious superficial skin infection most commonly caused by Staph aureus; which topical antibiotic is commonly used?
• In chronic renal failure, which antihypertensive is listed as part of the recommended therapy?
• Aspiration yields yellow, transparent fluid with 200–2000 WBCs and less than 25% PMNs. This fluid is best classified as:
• A patient presents with spaghetti and meatballs appearance on KOH preparation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Vitamin K deficiency affects which of the following factors?
• What is the typical imaging sequence used in diagnosing pulmonary embolism, in order from initial to final confirmation?
• Chancroid is most commonly caused by which organism?
• Which radiographic combination is considered standard for patellar fracture evaluation?
• Which physical examination finding is commonly associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?
• In pleural effusion evaluation, what does a lateral decubitus radiograph help demonstrate?
• Which topical treatment is used for scabies from the neck down?
• In an elderly patient on chronic steroids presenting with a subacute meningitis picture (headache, neck stiffness, photophobia) but afebrile, which diagnosis is most likely?
• In multifocal atrial tachycardia, which class of agents is considered the treatment of choice?
• How long should Plavix/Clopidogrel be used for drug-eluting stents?
• A skier sustains a fall and pain at the base of the thumb; which ligament at the 1st MCP is most likely injured?
• A hernia that cannot be reduced is called which of the following?
• Pulmonary embolism: which of the following is part of initial management?
• In hypokalemia management, which is appropriate for a stable patient?
• Which condition is commonly caused by immune-mediated destruction of platelets leading to isolated thrombocytopenia?
• Eating undercooked pork, seizures, headaches, mental status change, hydrocephalus.
• Patients with branch retinal artery occlusion and central retinal vein occlusion present with which classic physical exam finding?
• In the Glasgow Coma Scale, which description corresponds to an Eye Opening score of 3?
• What constitutes the diagnostic criteria for Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)?
• In pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis, which bone is most commonly involved?
• Which drug is the drug of choice for acute hypertensive encephalopathy?
• Which ECG finding is associated with hypokalemia?
• Auricular hematomas are at increased risk of developing which condition?
• Stanford type A dissection involves which part of the aorta and is typically treated surgically?
• In Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, where does the rash commonly begin?
• Honey-colored crusts are characteristic of impetigo most commonly caused by which organism?
• Which test is the most sensitive for ACL injuries?
• Pruritic macule on the fingers that ulcerates and forms multiple bloody vesicles followed by a painless black eschar. Which disease is this?
• Which radiographic finding is typical of bronchiolitis on chest imaging?
• Which facial location is most likely for a basal cell carcinoma described as pink pearly papule with surface telangiectasia and slow growth?
• A positive troponin result is defined by what criterion?
• Austin-Flint murmur is typically seen with which valve lesion?
• A pregnant woman at 28 weeks with signs suggestive of rheumatic heart disease shows an opening snap and a diastolic rumble best heard at the apex in the left lateral decubitus position. Which lesion is most likely on echocardiogram?
• Which statement best describes initial management of metabolic acidosis?
• Basal cell carcinoma is most commonly located on which facial feature?
• A patient presents with headache, nausea, and dizziness after exposure to gas or smoke, with anion gap metabolic acidosis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• In Herpes Zoster, acyclovir should be given if immunocompromised or within 72 hours of onset.
• Which heat stroke type is associated with respiratory alkalosis?
• Eating food from a street vendor with dry cough, fever, weakness, and malnutrition. Which helminth infection is likely?
• In moderate or major thermal burns, which airway management step is recommended if there are signs of airway burn?
• Which patients typically experience atypical chest pain with myocardial infarction?
• Pathologically, dilation of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction of the interalveolar septa describes which condition?
• Recent travel with fever, cough, abdominal pain, constipation, prostration, bradycardia followed by rose spots on trunk.
• What nerve injury is associated with an acetabulum fracture?
• When calcium is low, PTH increases and leads to what effect on bone and renal calcium handling?
• Corneal abrasion is a superficial disruption of the corneal surface. Which treatment component should not be prescribed for home use due to impairment of healing?
• Which of the following is the most common skin cancer?
• What is the target door-to-balloon time for percutaneous coronary intervention in STEMI?
• Which vasopressor is commonly used for hypotension in cardiogenic shock?
• Cystic acne with ulcerating lesions, fever, myalgia, and hepatosplenomegaly.
• Which of the following is a common CNS complication of infective endocarditis?
• In a child with a minor closed head injury and brief loss of consciousness, which imaging modality is most appropriate for initial assessment?
• A 55-year-old woman with a history of mitral valve replacement and mitral stenosis presents with increasing dyspnea on exertion and palpitations. ECG shows atrial flutter with 2:1 AV block. Her INR has been therapeutic for 4 weeks. What is the most appropriate next step in treatment?
• A 24-year-old HIV-positive man presents with severe left chest pain that improves when sitting forward. Exam reveals a pericardial friction rub. Chest x-ray shows a water bottle–shaped cardiac silhouette. Which diagnostic study is most appropriate next step in management?
• Which therapy is considered disease-modifying for biliary cirrhosis?
• Which combination of medications is commonly used to treat alcohol withdrawal in the emergency department?
• Which of the following is part of the classic pentad of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?
• Which radiographic signs on abdominal X-ray are associated with pancreatitis?
• Which of the following is a cause of hypovolemic shock?
• What is described as the treatment for splenic rupture in the material?
• Which bone is the most commonly fractured bone in the upper extremity?
• Abdominal pain, severe anemia, and red burrows underneath the skin are characteristic of which infection?
• Which statement describes the diagnostic criteria for ARDS?
• Which of the following heart sounds is NOT typically associated with a myocardial infarction?
• Beck's triad includes which of the following components?
• Which step is the first in the management during the golden hour?
• Which of the following is NOT part of the classic pentad of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?
• Which of the following describes the classic triad for spinal infection?
• What is the most common complication of Amebiasis?
• Which sign may accompany pulmonary embolism?
• Which organism is most likely responsible for hemorrhagic bullae, vasculitis, and necrotizing fasciitis after a seawater puncture wound?
• What is the first-line management step for contact dermatitis?
• In central retinal artery occlusion, which medication may help to reduce intraocular pressure?
• ______ is enlargement or dysfunction of the right ventricle due to pulmonary hypertension.
• Barotrauma during ascent is due to expansion of gas in body cavities. Which of the following is the correct mechanism?
• Trousseau sign indicates hypocalcemia.
• Which AV block results in atrial and ventricular rhythms that are independent of each other?
• In the management of an unstable ankle sprain, which course is recommended?
• According to Ottawa ankle rules, which of the following is a criterion prompting radiographs?
• A 48-year-old man experiences loss of consciousness followed by muscle rigidity and rhythmic contractions, then returns to a normal state. Approximately 6 hours later, he suffers a second episode. Which medication is he most likely taking?
• Which muscle is not considered part of the rotator cuff?
• Erythematous pharynx, enlarged tonsils, and yellow-white exudate suggest infection with which organism?
• Which combination best describes the typical presentation of acute pericarditis?
• Treatment for cysticercosis tapeworm.
• Which is the leading cause of lost work time and disability for people under age 45?
• In DKA, if serum potassium is less than 3.3 mEq/L, which action should be taken?
• Aortic stenosis is most likely to be the cause of syncope in which population?
• Which pattern of fetal heart rate deceleration begins and ends with the contraction?
• In carbon monoxide poisoning, what therapy may be used beyond high-flow oxygen?
• Trauma to the abdomen with signs of blood loss and peritoneal contamination indicates which type of injury?
• In a patient actively seizing, which is the first-line parenteral medication to administer?
• Lactated Ringer's solution is contraindicated in patients who are likely to have which condition?
• What does chest X-ray show in a tension pneumothorax?
• Which electrolyte disturbance presents with polydipsia, irritability, tremulousness, ataxia, and lethargy?
• In ciguatera seafood poisoning, which of the following is NOT a common source of the toxin?
• Guillain-Barre syndrome is most likely due to what type of mechanism?
• In counseling a rape survivor on next steps, which is most critical to improve prognosis?
• Which symptom is associated with hypercalcemia?
• An older patient with unilateral temple tenderness and a tender temporal artery, with no focal neurological signs, is most likely diagnosed with which condition?
• Which term best describes anemia caused by premature destruction of red blood cells?
• An 88-year-old woman falls and presents with a shortened, abducted, externally rotated leg and knee pain. Which injury is most likely?
• Elevated cold agglutinin titers are most characteristic of which infection?
• A football tackle where the shoulder lands on another player's body most likely results in which injury?
• Renal artery thrombosis is associated with a fracture at which vertebral level?
• Subclavian Steal Syndrome typically presents with symptoms triggered by exercising which limb due to retrograde vertebral artery flow?
• Which of the following is a major criterion in the Duke criteria for diagnosing infective endocarditis?
• Which of the following is a listed cause of hypercalcemia?
• What nerve injury is associated with a femoral shaft or lateral tibial plateau fracture?
• Which statement correctly describes Type 1 pelvic fracture?
• A FOOSH injury with snuff box tenderness indicates which fracture?
• Dengue fever management?
• Which is a fracture-dislocation of the tarsometatarsal joint?
• What is the main goal of therapy for fluid resuscitation in burn patients?
• What is a treatment option for severe hypermagnesemia?
• Which antidote is used for acute benzodiazepine overdose?
• How is the anion gap calculated?
• Which urinalysis finding is typical of glomerulonephritis?
• Which of the following is included in the PERC rule to rule out the need for further imaging in suspected PE?
• Nongonococcal urethritis commonly presents with what symptom?
• What is the initial management of heat stroke?
• In systolic dysfunction heart failure, which drug class is contraindicated?
• Which of the following is part of the PRICE approach for sprains?
• In Class 2 hypovolemic shock, the pulse is greater than which value?
• An adult woman has a witnessed generalized seizure with tongue biting and urinary incontinence, followed by a postictal state. The most likely etiology is?
• Simple partial seizures are best described as seizures that involve which characteristic?
• What is the name of the injury characterized by catastrophic brain swelling after a second concussion before prior symptoms have resolved?
• A circular plaque with scales and a raised border on the trunk describes which condition?
• Which medication, among the following, is used in heart failure to increase cardiac contractility?
• A 54-year-old man presents with crampy abdominal pain and vomiting; not passed gas or stool for 10 hours. Abdomen distends; cecal distension to 12 cm. What is the most appropriate definitive management?
• Which hematoma after a skull fracture presents with spinal fluid rhinorrhea and an initial unconsciousness followed by a lucid interval and later deterioration?
• _____ is due to reduction in volume of the lumbar spinal canal, causing compression and paralysis, and presents with leg weakness and loss of urinary and anal sphincter control.
• Which imaging modality is very accurate for differentiating ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke?
• Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to thrombolytic therapy?
• What is the hallmark of pit viper envenomation?
• What is the best way to assess blood volume status in an acute setting?
• What test is diagnostic for Bordetella pertussis infection?
• The three factors used in the clinical diagnosis of heat stroke are listed below. Which option lists them correctly?
• What is the most common cause of anemia?
• In a patient with myocardial infarction who also has heart failure, which therapy is commonly recommended?
• Which symptom best describes High Altitude Cerebral Edema?
• A midsystolic click heard best at the apex indicates which condition?
• To evaluate suspected biliary cirrhosis, which initial set of tests is most appropriate to order?
• A sexually active woman presents with lower abdominal pain, mucopurulent vaginal discharge, and cervicitis. The most likely diagnosis is:
• Which COPD phenotype is described as 'pink puffer'?
• Which is part of the initial management for suspected neurogenic shock?
• During a physical exam, palpation between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter in a patient with leg radiation identifies which nerve?
• In S1 radiculopathy, which area of sensation is affected?
• Initial treatment for an ankle fracture includes which of the following?
• Which of the following is a relative contraindication to thrombolytic therapy?
• For a patient with generalized convulsive status epilepticus, the initial intravenous treatment is which drug?
• A 3-year-old with acute onset of cough and wheeze. Focal wheezing in the right lower lobe. Which is the most effective treatment for suspected foreign body aspiration?
• Reperfusion should take place before how many hours from symptom onset?
• Red dots on the waist, shoulders, and axillae progress to papules and wheals with intense itching and small white spheres attached to hair. This describes which infestation?
• Pediatric fever algorithm: for children aged 91 days to 3 years who are non-toxic appearing with fever ≥39°C and fully immunized, what is recommended?
• Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses; which bacterial pathogens are commonly implicated?
• Zig-zag lines of lesions with hemorrhagic puncta and intense itching are characteristic of which bite?
• A patient presents with splenomegaly, fatigue, and LAD. Pt reveals she has had a sore throat for 2 weeks. What might we see on a blood smear?
• Where is needle decompression performed for a tension pneumothorax?
• Which murmur description is most consistent with aortic stenosis?
• Which treatment is commonly prescribed for tinea capitis?
• Which heat illness is characterized by a core temperature greater than 41°C and is a medical emergency?
• In a triage scenario, an elderly woman who fainted with shortness of breath and a younger man who fainted without prodrome, what is the likely cause of each episode?
• Which statement best describes pain in osteoid osteoma?
• Which of the following is a hallmark feature of heat stroke?
• Heinz bodies indicate which deficiency or condition?
• Which leg position suggests an anterior hip dislocation?
• Which fracture is an isolated ulna fracture?
• Which condition is classically associated with simultaneous bleeding and thrombosis?
• In pediatric head injury evaluation, skull radiographs have a limited role due to high false positives rates and low prevalence. Which statement best describes this limitation?
• In an unconscious patient with suspected overdose, in what order should you administer thiamine, glucose, and naloxone?
• Which statement best differentiates von Willebrand disease Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3?
• A child pulled on the arm and now refuses to use the arm; what is the most likely injury?
• Pain, swelling, tenderness, ecchymosis, and crepitus around the shoulder in an elderly patient after a fall most likely indicates which diagnosis?
• Mallory-Weiss tears occur after retching and involve tears of the underlying which vascular structure?
• Which of the following is a cardiac effect of malignant hypertension?
• Hypocalcemia is associated with which ECG change?
• Which antibiotic is listed as a treatment for plague (Yersinia pestis)?
• Delayed onset of mushroom poisoning symptoms (>6 hours) is associated with which prognosis?
• In acute tricyclic antidepressant overdose, which intervention addresses sodium channel blockade and is commonly used as part of management?
• In patients with life-threatening dysrhythmias causing syncope, what is the recommended treatment?
• Hypertensive emergency with encephalopathy: which finding would you expect on examination?
• In a patient with myxedema coma, which action is essential in the initial management?
• What is the definitive treatment for cardiogenic shock?
• A proximal ulna fracture with dislocation of the radial head at the elbow is diagnosed as which injury?
• For a patient with prior myocardial infarction, which medications are listed as the drug of choice?
• Which acronym lists risk factors used to assess suicide risk?
• Chronic back pain is defined as pain lasting more than which duration?
• For peripheral artery disease, which therapeutic measures are commonly used?
• What is the treatment for cauda equina syndrome?
• In acid-base assessment, a HCO3- + AG − 12 value greater than 30 indicates what?
• Which fracture is a distal radius fracture with volar displacement, due to a fall on the back of the hand?
• Which injury is an UCL injury of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint, with or without fracture?
• In acute chest syndrome, which combination of therapies is commonly used in initial management?
• In a systemic Hymenoptera reaction, what is the first-line treatment?
• Under the Ottawa ankle rules, which finding warrants ankle radiographs?
• In diving, the most common form of barotrauma occurs during which phase?
• An elderly alcoholic with dyspnea and edema; which is the most likely cause of high-output heart failure?
• In Class 2 hypovolemic shock, what percent of blood volume is lost?
• A patient with progressive fatigue, abdominal pain, weight loss, vomiting, and hyperpigmented skin folds is most suggestive of which endocrine disorder?
• Which diagnosis corresponds to mild swelling of the hands and feet after exposure to a hot environment?
• What is the most common vector of disease transmission?
• Cerebral perfusion pressure is calculated as MAP minus ICP. Brain ischemia occurs when CPP falls below what value?
• Tx for frostbite?
• If hypertonic saline is given too rapidly for acute hyponatremia, which complication may occur?
• Which antihypertensive is noted as suitable for use in pregnancy?
• If initial ultrasound for suspected cholecystitis is inconclusive, which imaging study can confirm the diagnosis?
• A firm, painless vaginal ulcer is seen with which disease?
• Which radiographic finding helps differentiate large bowel obstruction from small bowel obstruction on plain abdominal radiographs?
• Which COPD phenotype is associated with the term 'blue bloater'?
• What are the values for mild, moderate, and severe levels of the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) therapy?
• Which of the following is NOT a criterion of the PERC rule for ruling out pulmonary embolism?
• A 14-year-old boy with acute scrotal pain; which diagnostic test is most helpful to confirm testicular torsion?
• Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat chlamydia?
• What is the recommended method of tick removal?
• What are the characteristics of 4th degree frostbite?
• Stage 2 hypertension is defined as greater than which blood pressure value?
• Following severe retching and a strenuous lifting session, which diagnosis best explains hematemesis in this patient?
• Patients with anaphylaxis should first have a patent airway. What medications are involved in treatment?
• According to CDC guidelines, what induration size is considered positive in all other cases?
• Which imaging study is considered the gold standard for aortic dissection but is the most invasive radiographic study?
• What are the three main management strategies described for atrial fibrillation?
• Which laboratory finding most strongly suggests a cholestatic process?
• What is the most likely reason for a patient to have cardiogenic shock?
• Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypernatremia?
• Intra-articular distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment and carpus subluxation is which fracture?
• In a young patient presenting with stroke symptoms and possible recent neck trauma, which condition should be considered?
• What is the most common cause of pericarditis?
• How are burns categorized?
• Time to heal for a superficial second-degree burn is typically:
• What is an appropriate first-line antibiotic treatment for gonorrhea?
• Which pathogen causes malaria?
• Which intravenous fluid is recommended in alcoholic ketoacidosis?
• Which regimen is an appropriate treatment for erysipelas?
• In acute pericarditis, which of the following is a serious complication that requires careful monitoring to prevent progression to tamponade?
• What is the treatment for tension pneumothorax?
• Stage 1 hypertension is defined as greater than which blood pressure?
• Which of the following is not part of the SLUDGE mnemonic?
• If a patient with deep vein thrombosis has active internal bleeding, uncontrolled hypertension, CNS tumor, recent trauma or surgery, or recurrent DVT despite anticoagulation, which alternative treatment should be considered?
• In correcting fluids and electrolytes, which should be addressed first?
• What is the historical common name for injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb at the base of the first metacarpophalangeal joint due to forced abduction?
• Which findings are characteristic of bacterial vaginosis?
• What is the most common cause of hypokalemia?
• A popping sensation in the knee followed by significant swelling after sprinting and stopping quickly is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• In suspected necrotizing fasciitis, which antibiotic combination provides broad-spectrum coverage appropriate for initial empiric therapy?
• Following trauma to the spine, there is complete paralysis in the legs with loss of temperature and pain sensation, but preserved proprioception and vibratory sense. Dx?
• Hangman's fracture involves fracture of which vertebra?
• Varicella treatment in immunocompromised patients or those older than 12 years should include which antiviral?
• Which antidote is used for opiate and heroin overdose?
• Which medication is commonly used to treat erythema multiforme?
• Bit by a snake with fang marks in the skin, pain, erythema, ecchymosis, edema extending from the bite, plus nausea/vomiting, perioral paresthesia, and lethargy. Which management step is indicated?
• What are the characteristics of 3rd degree frostbite?
• Among the listed causes of syncope, which is most closely associated with death?
• Which hemorrhage is associated with thunderclap headache and stiff neck due to aneurysm rupture?
• What is the most common cause of pleural effusions?
• Which criterion indicates the use of sodium bicarbonate therapy in metabolic acidosis?
• Midsystolic murmur that decreases with squatting and increases with Valsalva is most consistent with which condition?
• In addition to insulin and normal saline, which electrolyte is commonly infused in a type 2 diabetic arriving in a hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar, nonketotic state to prevent hypokalemia?
• What is the initial management step for an adolescent presenting with status epilepticus?
• A fracture involving the medial epicondyle will most likely damage which nerve?
• What is the gold standard for diagnosis of intestinal ischemia?
• A patient has lethargy, headache, and a hyperdense crescent-shaped lesion on CT scan. Diagnosis?
• Which test is essential to evaluating hemolytic anemia?
• In a boxer fracture, what angulation threshold requires referral for reduction?
• In ocular chemical burns, what is the initial management step?
• What is the major cause of high altitude syndromes?
• In a Rh-negative woman with vaginal bleeding before 12 weeks gestation, what is the indicated Rhogam dose?
• For vascular access in moderate to major burns, what is the recommended approach?
• Portal hypertension in biliary cirrhosis most commonly leads to which complication?
• In an HIV-positive patient with multiple ring-enhancing brain lesions and edema, which treatment is the choice?
• A patient presents with red lesions and white plaques on the vulva with months of intense pruritus. The clinician is concerned for which condition?
• Vaginitis with intense vaginal pruritus, malodorous yellow-green discharge, and urethritis is most consistent with which infection?
• Cellulitis is infection of which tissue layer?
• What is the initial treatment for suspected carbon monoxide poisoning?
• Which seizure type preserves consciousness?
• In an elderly patient with postrenal azotemia, what is the most likely cause?
• The management of isopropyl alcohol ingestion is largely what?
• Basal cell carcinoma is best described as which lesion?
• Oxygen supplementation should be considered when oxygen saturation falls below what level?
• Boxer's fracture is a fracture of the neck of the fourth or fifth metacarpal, typically from striking with a clenched fist. Which fracture name matches this description?
• Which statement about shock and its hemodynamic changes is true?
• Which medication is commonly used to treat CMV retinitis?
• Which symptom cluster is commonly associated with acute coronary syndrome?
• Inflammatory plaques and follicular pustules in the beard area are most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Which drug is used to treat Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas disease)?
• Diastolic dysfunction means a problem with which cardiac property?
• Bloody diarrhea and fever developing within 24-48 hours after eating contaminated food. Dx and tx.
• What is the leading cause of blindness in HIV patients?
• Liver disease bleeding management: which treatment is used when there is active bleeding or before surgery?
• Which therapy is central to the management of methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
• Which combination is most suggestive of pulmonary embolism in the appropriate setting?
• Which therapy is included in the management of Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism?
• Which statement best reflects the initial management for suspected spinal epidural abscess according to the material?
• Initial heart failure management commonly includes which combination?
• Common complications of a Galeazzi fracture include which of the following?
• In the FAST exam, the Morison pouch corresponds to which region?
• Which medication is NOT a first-line therapy for hepatitis B?
• What is the most common cause of acute bronchitis?
• In L5 radiculopathy, which muscle demonstrates motor weakness?
• Tx for sickle cell crisis?
• What is the recommended management for Monteggia fracture?
• Which medication may help to reduce intraocular pressure in central retinal artery occlusion?
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome requires admission to which level of care?
• Beck's triad in pericardial tamponade includes which three findings?
• According to CDC guidelines, what induration size is considered positive for persons born in high prevalence areas or IV drug users?
• Clear, tense vesicles and bullae on head, trunk and mucous membranes. Bullae rupture in 2-3 days producing painful denuded areas.
• What is the definition of hypercalcemia?
• Which nerve injury is a known complication of tibial fractures?
• Which regimen is recommended for infective endocarditis in patients who are intravenous drug users?
• L4 radiculopathy typically presents with weakness in which muscle?
• What is the classic arrhythmia associated with COPD?
• Which of the following is a common cause of anion gap metabolic acidosis?
• What is the initial treatment for an acute episode of supraventricular tachycardia in a hemodynamically stable patient?
• Acute _____ failure is defined by an increased creatinine x3 and a decrease in GFR by >75% or urine output <0.3 mL/kg/h for 24 hours or anuria for 12 hours.
• Which of the following is a contraindication to placing a nasogastric tube?
• In Toxic Shock Syndrome, what is the most important initial management step?
• Which ankle-brachial index (ABI) range corresponds to claudication?
• Temporal lobe involvement on CT is most characteristic of infection with which virus?
• Among HIV-associated neoplasms, which is most common?
• Which burn depth is described as pink hemorrhagic markings that involve the epidermis and dermis, are moist and painful?
• In mushroom poisoning, which finding indicates a good prognosis?
• Which therapy removes potassium from the body via the gastrointestinal tract?
• In Toxic Shock Syndrome management, which step helps remove potential sources?
• In acute pericarditis, which electrocardiographic finding is most characteristic?
• This clinical picture — acute fever, focal neurologic deficits, CSF abnormalities, and temporal lobe lesions on CT — is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Tachycardia, hypotension, and acute abdominal tenderness after abdominal trauma indicate what kind of injury?
• What is the normal serum bicarbonate range?
• Which antibiotic is used to treat the ulceroglandular form of tularemia?
• What is the hallmark metabolic finding in isopropyl alcohol ingestion?
• Rhinorrhea in pharyngitis suggests which etiologic category?
• What is the first step in managing spine injuries?
• Which fracture is a distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement, commonly resulting from a fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)?
• Which therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for myxedema coma?
• In carbon monoxide poisoning, initial management includes?
• What is the testing modality of choice for HSV meningoencephalitis?
• Which of the following is a symptom included in the SLUDGE mnemonic for organophosphate poisoning?
• Which antibiotic is appropriate for suspected Vibrio infection from a marine wound?
• A patient with normal peripheral pulses, edema, and medial leg ulcers most likely has which condition?
• Kernig sign is elicited by what finding?
• Which AV block is defined by a prolonged PR interval?
• Which examination tests radial nerve function?
• What anion gap value defines primary anion gap metabolic acidosis?
• In a patient who has experienced intimate partner violence, which of the following actions is most appropriate to recommend?
• Dicloxacillin prophylaxis for patients at high risk of endocarditis is indicated for which procedure?
• Which triad is associated with intracranial hypertension?
• Restrictive pericarditis treatment includes diuretics and which intervention?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical myocardial infarction presentation feature?
• In hyponatremia management when the patient is hypovolemic, which fluid is typically used for resuscitation?
• Which of the following is listed as a treatment option for hypernatremia?
• Bethesda inhibitor assay is used to measure what?
• Which of the following lists represents the complete classic pentad of Leishmaniasis?
• A Hill-Sachs lesion is best described as which of the following?
• What is the most common cause of acute adrenal insufficiency?
• A twisting knee injury with knee deformity after sports is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• In severe hypothermia, which warming method is preferred for rapid rewarming?
• Which symptom is more characteristic of scorpion envenomation than a black widow bite?
• In patients with chest pain, a history of dyspnea is associated with what relative increase in mortality?
• Prolonged bleeding after trauma with normal PT and PTT. Dx and tx?
• Which of the following is a nonanion gap metabolic acidosis cause?
• Which scenario best describes hypotonic hypovolemic hyponatremia?
• What is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity?
• According to the Duke criteria, which finding is a major criterion for infective endocarditis?
• Which diagnostic test is used for suspected tinea capitis?
• Which sign is commonly observed in shock?
• Which of the following is not part of the five Hs?
• Which biomarker remains elevated the longest after myocardial infarction?
• If a patient has bradycardia or severe COPD, which should be used instead of a beta-blocker?
• In pediatric patients, which joint is the most commonly dislocated?
• Which virus most commonly causes bronchiolitis?
• Which condition features pruritus, tightening of the skin, flaking and scaling, and low-grade fever?
• Empiric therapy for cellulitis should cover which organisms?
• The fern test detects crystallization of salts in the amniotic fluid. Which test is this describing?
• Which regimen is recommended for prosthetic valve endocarditis?
• Which medication is the treatment of choice for symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
• What is the initial test used to assess heart failure?
• A wedge fracture is best described as compression of which vertebral column portion?
• What is the recommended acute treatment for a narrow complex supraventricular tachycardia?
• Which bacterium is typically detected by rapid strep testing in pharyngitis?
• What is the most common cause of death after a lightning strike?
• A 66-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain and distension. Imaging shows distended bowel loops with haustral markings. Which etiology is most likely the cause of this large bowel obstruction?
• What is the approximate mortality range for ARDS?
• In the initial assessment of blunt abdominal trauma in a hemodynamically unstable patient, which diagnostic test is most appropriate to perform first?
• Charcot-Leyden crystals are associated with which condition?
• Intrinsic acute kidney injury is most commonly associated with which condition?
• Causative vector for West Nile Virus?
• Among empiric pneumonia treatment categories, which corresponds to aspiration pneumonia acquired in the hospital setting?
• Brudzinski sign is described as spontaneous hip flexion during attempted passive neck flexion.
• Which pathogen is most commonly acquired from eating undercooked beef and can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura?
• In hyponatremia management, which statement is true?
• Beck's triad for cardiac tamponade includes jugular venous distension, hypotension, and muffled heart sounds. Which finding is not part of the triad?
• Which is the most common form of cardiomyopathy?
• A 20-month-old with fever and a brief generalized seizure; which description best fits this event?
• Liquefaction necrosis after a chemical spill on the arm indicates which type of burn?
• Among imaging options for suspected aortic dissection, which is most commonly performed in the ED due to being less invasive?
• In adrenal crisis, which treatment should be administered immediately?
• Which is part of managing respiratory acidosis?
• Lice infested followed by high fever, severe headache, maculopapular rash starting in axillae.
• Multifocal atrial tachycardia is most commonly associated with which condition?
• What is a characteristic diagnostic finding for Trichomonas vaginalis infection?
• A patient develops profuse watery diarrhea after shellfish consumption with dehydration. What is the most likely diagnosis and initial treatment?
• What nerve injury is associated with a sacral fracture?
• A slow onset of abdominal pain, fever, and nausea/vomiting after trauma is most consistent with injury to which hollow organ?
• In acute compartment syndrome of the leg, which compartment is most commonly involved?
• A Colles fracture is best described as a distal radius fracture with which deformity?
• Which description of synovial fluid is most consistent with septic arthritis?
• In the treatment of achalasia, which medication can act as a muscle relaxant?
• Which group is at the highest risk for nonexertional heat stroke?
• For acute sinusitis, antibiotics should not be started until at least how many days have passed since onset?
• What is the door-to-needle time for fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction?
• Which electrolyte pattern is typical in adrenal crisis?
• Which finding is most characteristic of Prinzmetal (variant) angina?
• In a patient with symptomatic third-degree AV block and syncope, what is the definitive treatment?
• What is the definitive treatment for constrictive pericarditis?
• Which adjunct therapy is used in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis to reduce the risk of cerebral edema?
• What is the sublingual nitroglycerin dose used in MONA?
• What is the term for a radial head subluxation in a young child following pulling on an arm?
• An HIV-positive patient with chest discomfort, a pericardial friction rub, diffuse ST elevations, and normal troponin levels most likely has which diagnosis?
• In a patient with back pain and progressive neurological deficits suggesting epidural compression, what is the initial management step?
• In cardiac tamponade, which of the following is an emergent management step?
• Which class of medications is generally contraindicated in congestive heart failure?
• Which test detects PROM by measuring the pH of amniotic fluid and is alkaline when PROM is present?
• What is the emergent treatment for arterial embolism or thrombosis presenting with pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesias, and paralysis?
• Which electrocardiographic finding is associated with digoxin toxicity?
• A patient who is intoxicated has mydriasis. Which substance could he have been using?
• How are unruptured ovarian cysts smaller than 5 cm typically managed?
• CSF findings in herpes simplex encephalitis typically include which of the following?
• Which treatment is recommended for respiratory alkalosis due to anxiety?
• Which splint is commonly used to immobilize a Rolondos fracture?
• Which metronidazole regimen is recommended for Trichomoniasis?
• Which respiration pattern is commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis but not in Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State?
• What are the top four causes of syncope in order?
• For an adult with black stools (melena) and no systemic symptoms, what is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?
• Biot breathing is most commonly seen in which condition?
• What is the typical pain description for Acute Coronary Syndrome?
• Which physical sign would confirm opioid intoxication?
• Which option is NOT a named incomplete spinal cord syndrome?
• How long should Plavix/Clopidogrel be used for bare metal stents?
• ____ is an uncommon cause of acute renal failure due to immune complex deposits in the kidney. Dysmorphic RBC and RBC casts are common.
• Deficiency in factor IX is associated with which disorder?
• Which statement expands the SLUDGE mnemonic used for organophosphate poisoning symptoms?
• Which fracture is an ulna shaft fracture with proximal radius dislocation?
• Which organism is commonly associated with contamination of eggs, dairy products, or poultry?
• What is the hallmark symptom of acute mountain sickness?
• Which carpal bone is second most commonly fractured and is the most commonly dislocated?
• In the described acute pericarditis case, which cardiac biomarker is more likely to be elevated?
• Which spinal cord syndrome features ipsilateral motor paralysis and contralateral loss of pain and temperature?
• Which long bone is the most commonly fractured in the body?
• Which item is NOT included in the SAD PERSONS suicide risk assessment?
• Broca's area is primarily associated with which function?
• Which of the following is a treatment for improving blood pressure in hypotension?
• A 55-year-old woman with atrial flutter and rheumatic mitral stenosis presents with dyspnea. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy to prevent embolic stroke?
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy is most often caused by which type of process?
• In a patient with tearing chest and back pain and a diastolic murmur, what is the expected finding on chest radiograph?
• Infection of the lacrimal sac is called what?
• Pneumonia pathogens have characteristic radiographic patterns. Which pattern is associated with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in AIDS patients?
• Vasopressin and octreotide are used in the management of severe cases of which condition?
• Which factors are associated with increased risk of death from a major burn?
• Which animal is categorized as low risk for rabies in the source material?
• Which pulse finding is classically associated with aortic regurgitation?
• What is the recommended timeframe for gastric decontamination by emesis or lavage after ingestion?
• Stones less than how many millimeters have about 90% chance of passing spontaneously?
• Which fracture is an oblique fracture through the base of the radial styloid?
• The Drop Arm Test indicates which condition?
• Which of the following is a distributive (vasodilatory) shock type?
• Which ABG pattern is associated with acute salicylate overdose?
• Ground glass appearance of the cornea after a chemical splash to the eye indicates which burn type?
• Which dermatosis presents with erythematous plaques with silvery scales, well-marginated, often with nail pitting?
• Which agent is used to neutralize circulating tetanus toxin in generalized tetanus?
• The fasciotomy should be performed within how many hours to prevent irreversible damage in compartment syndrome?
• A patient presents to the ER after pituitary surgery with polyuria and polydipsia; what is the diagnosis?
• Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by which organism?
• After a recent sexual assault, which measure is most critical to improve prognosis?
• Which fracture is a distal radius fracture with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint at the wrist?
• What is the first-line single-dose antibiotic for chancroid?
• Which pathogen is most commonly associated with foodborne disease requiring hospitalization and death?
• What combination defines diabetic ketoacidosis in terms of glucose, bicarbonate, and pH?
• Which anatomical structures most often explain periumbilical abdominal pain?
• Infant with sunken fontanelles, decreased capillary refill, no tears, and few wet diapers most likely has dehydration; which IV fluid is indicated?
• Which statement best defines malignant hypertension?
• A 14-year-old boy presents with acute scrotal pain after gym class. Which diagnosis is most likely?
• Which action is an appropriate initial step in treating hypothermia?
• A patient presents with spastic paralysis on the right, loss of proprioception and vibration on the right, and loss of pain and temperature on the left after spinal trauma. Dx?
• Flumazenil is used to reverse acute benzodiazepine overdose in patients who do not have risk of seizure. True or False?
• What is the antidote for benzodiazepine overdose?
• What are the most reliable measures of dehydration?
• What acid-base disturbance is characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis?
• Which Hymenoptera reaction presents as a systemic anaphylactic reaction?
• Hot water immersion is recommended for which marine injuries?
• Which medication must be gradually discontinued to avoid rebound hypertension if stopped abruptly?
• What is the gold standard imaging for diagnosing suspected bladder injury after trauma?
• What is the primary treatment for pregnancy-induced hypertension in the acute setting?
• Which cardiac marker is reported as being most specific to heart muscle?
• In septic shock, which is a key initial therapy?
• Which drug is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve clots in an acute myocardial infarction patient?
• Which principle explains that increasing preload can increase the ejection fraction of the ventricle?
• Which electrolyte imbalance commonly presents with N/V, weakness, headache, agitation, and possible seizures?
• What is the most common complaint in sickle cell patients?
• Which statement best describes Brown Recluse spider bite management?
• A patient with biopsy-confirmed temporal arteritis should be treated with which agent as first-line therapy?
• Bradycardia and hypotension following trauma to the spine indicate which condition?
• What are the 4 levels of eye opening in the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• Which statement correctly identifies factors that shift potassium into cells?
• What two meds should be given to all ACS patients that do not have contraindications?
• Which condition is defined by excess mucus production and a productive cough for at least 3 months per year for two consecutive years?
• Which pathogen is commonly acquired from eating undercooked poultry or contaminated natural water sources?
• Which statement describes Type 1 von Willebrand disease?
• A shortened, deformed, painful leg after a motor vehicle accident most likely indicates which injury?
• Kehr sign is defined as what?
• In diabetic ketoacidosis, which pH value is typically observed?
• Acute bacterial prostatitis is treated with antibiotics for how long?
• Central Cord Syndrome true statement?
• For synchronized cardioversion, what energy levels are used for PSVT and for atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia?
• A 3-year-old with abrupt onset focal wheezing localized to the right lower lobe; most likely diagnosis?
• What is a standard initial pharmacologic approach to treating congestive heart failure?
• Which burn depth involves the epidermis and upper dermis?
• What is the Parkland formula for fluid resuscitation in burn victims?
• If CT is unavailable, which test can be used as an alternative for diagnosing aortic dissection?
• Which class of medication should be avoided in the management of fecal impaction due to constipation?
• Which is an appropriate initial management for mild Acute Mountain Sickness?
• Treatment of torsades de pointes in a patient on procainamide is which of the following?
• In a patient without active bleeding, prophylactic platelet transfusion is typically indicated when the platelet count falls below:
• Which disease classically shows a widened mediastinum and hilar adenopathy with no focal infiltrate on chest X-ray?
• What medication do we not give with diarrhea according to the material?
• Shigellosis is treated with which antibiotic?
• Which is a stress fracture of the metatarsal?
• Which statement correctly classifies hypothermia by core temperature?
• In Class 3 hypovolemic shock, estimated blood loss is between which value?
• What is the standard treatment for acute pericarditis?
• In Class 2 hypovolemic shock, estimated blood loss is between which values?
• Which condition presents with sudden onset of eye pain, blurred vision, headache, nausea/vomiting and halos around lights?
• What is the most common form of infective endocarditis?
• Transudates occur when systemic factors that control formation and absorption of pleural fluid are altered.
• Which intervention may be indicated for severe barbiturate toxicity but is ineffective for benzodiazepines?
• Which organism is responsible for Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome?
• Which clinical feature indicates the need for surgical intervention in arterial insufficiency?
• Lisfranc fractures involve which joints?
• Ischemic strokes are not visible on noncontrast CT until at least how many hours after brain infarction?
• In atrial flutter, the typical EKG pattern seen in leads II, III, and aVF is described as:
• Erysipelas is characterized by infection of the dermis with lymphatic involvement and raised margins; which antibiotic regimen is commonly used?
• What is a common, easily correctable cause of prerenal azotemia?
• A patient presents with hypotension, warm dry skin, and bradycardia after a spinal injury. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A patient on chronic corticosteroid therapy undergoing surgery is at risk of which acute crisis?
• Chance fracture is a fracture through which vertebral columns?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the NEXUS criteria for clearing the cervical spine?
• Which maneuver assesses ulnar nerve function?
• Which two medications are commonly used to treat alcohol withdrawal in the emergency department?
• A 43-year-old male presents with eye pain after exposure to fertilizer and lime. Which is the most appropriate initial step in managing this patient's symptoms?
• To confirm tinea infections such as tinea barbae, which diagnostic test is commonly used?
• Which sequence correctly matches the angina types? stable angina is triggered by activity; unstable angina may show transient ST changes; prinzmetal/variant angina is due to vasospasm.
• In Class 3 hypovolemic shock, blood volume lost is between which percent?
• Which fracture is the fracture of the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibia in adolescents before complete closure of the epiphysis?
• Which is an example of isovolemic hypernatremia?
• Which antibiotic combination is appropriate for necrotizing fasciitis?
• Which statement correctly describes Type 4 pelvic fracture?
• Which radiographic sign on a chest X-ray indicates a pleural effusion?
• Which frostbite degree is characterized by freezing deep to muscle, tendon, and bone?
• For a child under 1 year with airway obstruction due to a foreign body, which maneuver is recommended first?
• In acute pericarditis, the ECG changes are due to inflammation of which layer?
• In IV drug users with endocarditis, which valve is most commonly affected?
• Which statement best describes hepatitis B treatment duration if the response is favorable?
• What is the most common pathogen for foodborne disease?
• Which drug is used to treat early-stage African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)?
• Botulism is commonly associated with ingestion of which exposure?
• Which medication inhibits aqueous humor production as part of reducing intraocular pressure in acute angle-closure glaucoma?
• A 16-year-old male with left orbital trauma has diplopia on extraocular movement testing, enophthalmos, and decreased sensation over the left cheek. Imaging shows an orbital fracture. What is the most likely fracture type?
• Hyphema refers to blood in which part of the eye?
• Which mechanism is most commonly associated with ACL tears?
• In managing atrial flutter, which drug would be most appropriate if pressor support is required rather than rate control or rhythm conversion?
• Which scenario would prompt plain radiographs for back pain according to red flags?
• For itching in biliary cirrhosis, which therapy is commonly used?
• Which tick-borne illness is associated with fever, photophobia, and a petechial rash after tick exposure in the western United States mountains?
• An elderly patient with progressive dyspnea, edema, decreased preload and clear lungs with a loud S2 most likely has which condition?
• Temporary loss of reflexes after trauma to the spine is diagnosed as what?
• Which electrolyte imbalance is seen with torsades de pointes?
• Which EKG finding is seen in pulmonary embolism?
• Which disease presents with 'slapped cheeks' and a lacy rash on the arms and legs?
• Which laboratory finding is commonly elevated in acute pulmonary embolism and used in initial assessment?
• For von Willebrand disease Type 2 or Type 3, which product can be used?
• In diabetic ketoacidosis, which pattern of breathing is characteristic?
• An elderly patient with a swollen knee and prior effusion has synovial fluid demonstrating calcium pyrophosphate crystals. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Open or complex tibial fractures are sometimes associated with which complication?
• In the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, what is considered the most important initial step?
• A key differential for Guillain-Barre syndrome should always be considered due to similar ascending paralysis. Which toxin is this referring to?
• What is the test of choice for suspected aortic dissection?
• A 55-year-old woman with hypertension and two-vessel coronary artery bypass graft presents with increasing dyspnea and palpitations. EKG shows atrial flutter with 2:1 AV block and echocardiogram shows normal LV function. Which therapy is most appropriate?
• Which finding on a saline wet prep is diagnostic for Trichomoniasis?
• Which of the following is NOT a recognized component of the standard shock definition?
• A 15 year-old male with URI is now presenting with bilateral hilar infiltrates on chest X-ray, normal WBC, and elevated cold agglutinin titer. Most likely diagnosis?
• Which organism produces a clinic syndrome similar to appendicitis and is spread via the fecal-oral route?
• Activated charcoal is not used for which type of toxins?
• Which statement best describes the imaging appearance of a greenstick fracture?
• Which nerve and artery are commonly affected in humerus fractures?
• Which conditions need to be monitored in a person who sustains electrical injury?
• Which of the following is a hypercoagulable state associated with increased risk of DVT?
• What is the most common vector-borne zoonotic infection in the United States?
• A positive Coombs test indicates which condition?
• tPA should be considered in ischemic stroke within how many hours of symptom onset?
• In a ruptured ovarian cyst with suspected internal bleeding, which finding would indicate the need for emergent gynecologic surgery?
• What EKG finding is classically associated with pulmonary embolism?
• A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with bradycardia, flaccid paralysis, ileus, and a peaked T wave on ECG. Which lab abnormality is most likely?
• Which fracture is characterized by axial loading as an injury mechanism?
• Which of the following is an ADP receptor blocker that inhibits platelet aggregation?
• In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which medication class is commonly used to relieve symptoms?
• Which components make up Virchow's Triad associated with deep vein thrombosis?
• What is the most common viral cause of encephalitis in the United States?
• An 80-year-old patient with abdominal pain and a plain film showing a coffee bean-shaped appearance; the most likely diagnosis is:
• Rhogam administration during pregnancy is indicated for which maternal-fetal Rh combination?
• A 45-year-old man presents with hematemesis and melena; he has NSAID use and alcohol; an NG tube yields bright red blood that does not clear with saline. What is the next best step in management?
• An early systolic opening click followed by a systolic ejection murmur radiating to the base is characteristic of which lesion?
• Which heart disease presents with an opening snap in early diastole and a soft diastolic rumble heard at the apex in the left lateral decubitus position?
• Which EKG findings are classic in hypokalemia?
• Mononucleosis-like illness with exudative pharyngitis and palatal petechiae is most commonly due to infection with which virus?
• Which test most reliably confirms the causative organism in suspected herpes simplex virus encephalitis presenting with meningitis features?
• In pulmonary embolism, the EKG pattern S1Q3T3 may appear with or without which conduction abnormality?
• Why should vaginal examination be avoided in a patient with suspected placenta previa?
• Pyelonephritis presenting with fever and costovertebral angle tenderness is commonly treated with which regimen for 2 weeks?
• If a patient has a cough on ACE inhibitors, which medication class should be used instead?
• Reiter syndrome associated with chlamydial infection includes urethritis, conjunctivitis, and which manifestation?
• Factitious hyponatremia is most commonly associated with which of the following?
• If CT scanning is not available for pediatric head injury, which imaging modality may be an acceptable alternative?
• Which antibiotic is paired with cefazolin for open fracture prophylaxis?
• The dinner fork deformity is most characteristic of which fracture?
• In a patient with atrial flutter and 2:1 AV conduction, which antiarrhythmic is contraindicated due to the risk of 1:1 AV conduction and potential hemodynamic collapse?
• For Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome, which management step is recommended?
• Which radiographic signs are classically described for pulmonary embolism on chest X-ray?
• A 17 year-old patient presents to the emergency department with agitation and hallucinations, and has one seizure. He admits to using "some drugs" but does not know what they were. Which diagnostic study will be of most help in managing this patient?
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae most commonly affects which age group?
• Boxer's fracture describes a fracture of which bone?
• Renal tubular acidosis is best described as which type of metabolic acidosis?
• In hypertensive emergency, what is the target reduction in blood pressure within the first hour?
• Endoscopic injection of which toxin is used in the treatment of achalasia?
• Which is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?
• Back pain that worsens with walking and improves with rest is most consistent with which condition?
• A 62-year-old patient presents with a unilateral pupil size difference. Which diagnostic test is most likely to identify the cause?
• In a patient with a large pericardial effusion and tamponade physiology, which ECG finding is most characteristic?
• Which statement is true about meningitis signs such as Kernig and Brudzinski?
• Koilonychia (spoon nails), pallor, and cheilosis are characteristic of which condition?
• Which Salter-Harris fracture types can generally be treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization?
• Asthma or COPD: which antihypertensive should be avoided?
• Which sensory change is considered pathognomonic for ciguatera poisoning?
• Chest pain reproducible with palpation is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Which disease is characterized by a strawberry tongue and a sandpaper-like rash following streptococcal pharyngitis?
• What are the characteristics of 2nd degree frostbite?
• Which organism is typically spread by the fecal-oral route?
• In otitis externa, the most common pathogen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Which topical regimen is traditionally used?
• An elderly patient with cancer presents with back pain, confusion, and constipation. What electrolyte abnormality is most likely?
• Which factor is most useful in diagnosing dysbarism?
• In cellulitis, which antibiotic is an appropriate first-line option when MRSA risk is present?
• How long after a myocardial infarction can CK-MB and troponin I elevations be detected according to the source?
• In cardiac tamponade, which procedure provides immediate relief?
• Which disease is managed with supportive care only?
• Which infection is diagnosed by a saline wet prep showing motile, flagellated organisms?
• Seatbelt injury is most commonly associated with which fracture?
• An 8-month-old with RSV bronchiolitis; which finding most strongly indicates a need for hospital admission and continued monitoring?
• Which condition is a serious complication of sexually transmitted infections with increased risk of infertility and ectopic pregnancy, presenting with lower abdominal tenderness, chandelier's sign, and purulent cervical discharge?
• Which lab value is most likely elevated in a patient with acute cholecystitis and jaundice?
• In Class 4 hypovolemic shock, urine output is?
• Which organism is shiga toxin–producing and associated with bloody diarrhea?
• Pain crisis in sickle cell disease is treated by what approach?
• Tender papule that evolves into a painful purulent ulcer with unilateral inguinal adenopathy is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Treatment for acetaminophen toxicity when the level is 150 mg/dL at 4 hours after ingestion includes which of the following?
• In the functional classification of heart failure, which class is described as having no cardiac symptoms with ordinary activity?
• Cardiac Marker: _____ is detectable within 1-2 hours after acute MI and has duration <1 day with low specificity.
• A cellulitis of the floor of the mouth and neck originating in the submandibular space, commonly from a dental infection, describes which condition?
• Intermittent unilateral weakness in a patient raises suspicion for which diagnosis?
• What is the most common etiologic organism causing spinal infection?
• Which Hymenoptera reaction is characterized by a delayed reaction days after stinging?
• In suspected traumatic thoracic aorta injury, which bedside imaging is indicated for unstable patients?
• Which ECG finding may be seen in pericardial tamponade, and which bedside imaging helps confirm the diagnosis?
• In suspected heparin-induced bleeding, what is an appropriate initial management step?
• Which finding best indicates an MCL or LCL tear?
• What is the most common type of hip dislocation?
• Which radiographic views are necessary for patellar fracture evaluation?
• Which statement is true about distributive shock?
• A 16-year-old male soccer player complains of right-foot pain that worsens with weight bearing, especially when planting to kick the ball. Which bone is most commonly affected by a stress fracture in this scenario?
• After successful conversion from a narrow complex SVT, which medication may be used for rhythm control?
• Bullous pemphigoid is best described as which of the following?
• What is the initial management for a tibial fracture?
• A 55-year-old man experiences sudden unilateral facial numbness and right hand numbness with mild word-finding difficulty. What is the most likely etiology?
• Which DSM-IV axis corresponds to general and acute medical conditions?
• A 23-year-old man presents with fever, sore throat, fatigue, myalgias, and a morbilliform rash. Rapid strep and Monospot tests are negative. Which prevention strategy should be recommended for this patient?
• Which electrolyte disturbance presents with depression, vertigo, nystagmus, ataxia, seizures, dysphagia, hypothermia and characteristic DTR changes?
• Which statement correctly describes Type 2 pelvic fracture?
• What is the initial management step for suspected tension pneumothorax?
• Which patient profile is at highest risk for myxedema coma?
• Which therapy lowers potassium by shifting it into cells?
• Which CSF profile is most consistent with bacterial meningitis?
• Hypercalcemia is treated with which of the following as initial therapy?
• What is the most reliable clinical tool for confirming endotracheal intubation in an emergency?
• What is the maximum possible Glasgow Coma Scale score?
• Which statement about typhoid fever matches the described clinical picture?
• Which of the following is an intubation complication?
• What finding is typically seen on a peripheral blood smear in a patient with sickle cell disease experiencing a pain crisis?
• What finding is commonly observed in malaria infection?
• Which scoring system is used to predict mortality in pancreatitis, with a value greater than 6 indicating high mortality?
• Systemic corticosteroids can have what negative effect on the eye?
• Calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid are associated with pseudogout. Which joint is most commonly affected by pseudogout?
• Central Retinal Artery Occlusion presents with acute, painless, monocular vision loss and risk factors such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and atherosclerosis. Which condition is described?
• In a high ankle sprain, which ligament is injured?
• What is the most common cause of acute arthritis in young adults?
• In adrenal crisis, which laboratory abnormalities are typically seen?
• Which diagnosis best fits a patient with rest angina, transient ST elevations relieved by nitroglycerin, and normal coronary arteries on catheterization?
• Recent travel with high fever, headache, N/V, myalgia followed by a rash.
• In a patient with a hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state who is undergoing vigorous rehydration and IV insulin, when should glucose be added to the IV fluids?
• In a HIV-positive patient with diffuse ST elevations and chest pain, which exam finding is most likely?
• A sexually active man presents with dysuria and purulent penile discharge. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• In a patient with atrial flutter and 2:1 AV block, which diagnostic study is most appropriate next to evaluate for valvular disease?
• Valgus laxity of the knee generally indicates injury to which ligament?
• What is the initial management for hypercalcemia?
• A 56-year-old male presents with edema, hypoalbuminemia, heavy proteinuria, and lipiduria with a normal GFR. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which specialty follow-up is appropriate after a suspected ACL injury?
• Which of the following is a common complication of late hypothermia?
• ST elevations in I, aVL, V4, V5, V6 indicate which MI and artery?
• Which condition is inflammatory cystic acne on the face of a young woman treated with prednisone and outpatient dermatology referral?
• In a patient with insomnia and tachycardia, which diagnosis is most likely and which lab finding would confirm it?
• What is the primary management step in disseminated intravascular coagulation?
• Tx for mild hemophilia?
• If laboratory results suggest an electrolyte abnormality but the patient’s symptoms do not, what is the appropriate next step?
• Which long bone is the strongest in the body?
• Pulsus paradoxus is most commonly associated with which condition?
• In tetanus-prone wounds, which situation warrants TIG in addition to vaccination?
• Which vaccine has dropped the incidence of epiglottitis?
• Pulsus paradoxus is most closely associated with which condition?
• What is the initial management step for suspected HIT?
• In boxer fracture management, which treatment is appropriate for angulation less than 40 degrees without extensor lag?
• A purulent skin lesion after a spider bite is most likely caused by which organism?
• Which cancer is among the most common to metastasize to the vertebrae and cause back pain?
• For suspected spinal epidural abscess, which imaging modality is preferred for diagnosis?
• For tinea barbae, which systemic antifungal agent is listed as a treatment option?
• In concussion grading by the American Academy of Neurology, which grade corresponds to confusion with no loss of consciousness for less than 15 minutes?
• Which pathogen is frequently associated with undercooked poultry or contaminated natural water sources?
• Recent travel with fever, headache, conjunctival injection, facial flushing followed by jaundice, black emesis, and albuminuria.
• What is the definition of hypocalcemia?
• What are the first-line and second-line medications for seizure after establishing airway and reversing metabolic causes?
• What is the most severe tick-borne disease in the US?
• An elderly patient with suspected upper GI bleeding; which diagnostic study is most appropriate to locate the bleeding source?
• Which symptom is typical of pericarditis?
• What is the most common cause of hypomagnesemia?
• What is the most common clinical finding on vital signs in cardiogenic shock?
• What chest radiograph finding is typical of emphysema?
• Hangman's fracture refers to a fracture of which cervical vertebra?
• Time to heal for a deep second-degree burn is typically:
• A scuba diver ascends and develops mottled skin and arthritis in the shoulder and knee that is not worsened by movement. What is the diagnosis and initial treatment?
• In lunate or perilunate dislocations, what complication is of primary concern due to neurovascular compromise?
• Which electrocardiographic finding is most characteristic of acute pericarditis?
• In a patient with hypo- or hypercalcemia, what other lab must be ordered and why?
• Yellow fever virus family?
• The decrescendo–crescendo systolic murmur best heard at the base of the heart and radiating to the neck corresponds to which condition?
• Which description best fits pericarditis pain?
• Which three medications are first-line therapy for hepatitis B?
• Which of the following is a cause of decreased platelet production?
• In a child with back pain, which condition is specifically listed as a concern in the provided material?
• In the NYHA functional classification, which class corresponds to no limitation of activity with ordinary activity?
• Which equation is used to estimate extracellular fluid deficit in dehydration?
• Which staining method is used to identify Plasmodium on a blood smear?
• New onset type 2 diabetes often presents with which condition?
• Laryngotracheal foreign body aspiration presents with which signs?
• Osteomyelitis in adult intravenous drug abusers most commonly affects which bones?
• In a 2-year-old with fever and a brief generalized seizure lasting less than 15 minutes, which diagnosis is most likely?
• Stanford type B aortic dissection is primarily managed with what?
• What are the two forms of diabetes insipidus?
• Volkmann's contracture is best described as which condition?
• Main method for confirmation of arboviral infections?
• Active elbow extension is primarily produced by which muscle?
• Mastitis in lactating women can be complicated by what, which would require incision and drainage?
• Fusiform cerebral aneurysms typically develop in which artery?
• Which disease is associated with fever, rash, and a history of tick bite as classical features?
• Stasis dermatitis is most commonly associated with which underlying condition?
• Erythema on the thighs and buttocks with an annular scaly edge is characteristic of which condition?
• Herald patch preceding a diffuse eruption in a Christmas-tree pattern along skin lines is characteristic of which condition?
• In trauma, hyperresonance to percussion is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Erythema multiforme that involves mucous membranes is known as which condition?
• Electrocardiography in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy typically shows which finding?
• In less severe croup, which treatment approach is appropriate?
• Epiglottitis most commonly affects children in which age range?
• In suspected esophageal rupture with subcutaneous emphysema and Hamman’s crunch, what is the diagnostic test of choice?
• Vesicles or ulcers on the pharynx suggest which etiologic category?
• Which distal radius fracture is defined by volar (palmar) angulation of the distal radius fragment?
• Which medication is recommended for pericardial inflammation syndrome?
• What imaging modality is used to diagnose splenic rupture in the material?
• An inflammation of the optic nerve presenting with acute vision loss and reduced color vision, with a swollen optic disc. The most likely diagnosis is:
• Which statement correctly lists the axes of the DSM-IV as I, II, III, and IV?
• Hymenoptera refers to which insects?
• Hypocalcemia treatment includes which combination?
• Which signs are associated with Eastern Coral Snake envenomation?
• For an abscess with suspected MRSA, which antibiotic is an option for coverage?
• Which Rule of Nines component is correctly matched?
• Which diastolic murmur heard along the left sternal border is most consistent with aortic regurgitation?
• Which option describes a toxic reaction to Hymenoptera stings?
• Cryptosporidiosis treatment includes which option for certain patients?
• A painless lump on the dorsum of the wrist that recurs is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• A patient with chronic alcoholism presents with nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, confusion, and ataxia. This presentation is most consistent with deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which method is most reliable for confirming endotracheal tube placement at the time of intubation?
• What is the term for a gout attack at the first metatarsophalangeal joint?
• A 15-year-old boy collapses during a basketball game. What is the most likely etiology of sudden death in this adolescent?
• Which type of chemical burn is generally more destructive to tissue, acid or alkali?
• Listeria monocytogenes meningitis is most common in which group?
• Obstruction in pediatric foreign body aspiration is most common in which airway?
• A patient with heavy alcohol use presents with severe midepigastric pain radiating to the back and fever; WBC elevated and amylase elevated. The most likely diagnosis is?
• Fever, malaise, vesicular rash at various stages on face and trunk is most consistent with which disease?
• In suspected arterial occlusion of a peripheral limb, what is the initial management step?
• In a hypoglycemic diabetic patient with confusion and sweating, what is the most appropriate initial treatment?
• ST elevations in V1, V2, V3 indicate which MI and artery?
• C5 radiculopathy typically presents with weakness in which muscle groups?
• ____ arrhythmia most frequently results from lower energy AC exposures whereas ____ is more common after exposure to higher energy DC.
• In bronchiolitis, auscultation commonly reveals what findings?
• Very high triglycerides are associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis. Which lipid category is most closely linked?
• Which joint is the most commonly dislocated in the body?
• Which treatment option is used for genital warts?
• Which statement about GU injury management is true?
• Which drug is used to treat Leishmaniasis?
• In suspected ischemic stroke, which test is most useful to determine the arterial source of the thrombus?
• A 40-year-old female with fatigue, widespread muscle tenderness, and sleep disturbance; what is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which viral exanthem presents with Koplik's spots, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and a macular rash that begins at the head and progresses downward?
• What is the most common barotrauma among scuba divers during descent?
• Which troponin subtype is typically measured in suspected MI?
• A 21-year-old female with a cast on her arm develops extreme pain. Permanent muscle damage from compartment syndrome begins after how many hours of ischemia?
• Which disease is described by cycles of fever and chills after recent travel, with splenomegaly and anemia?
• In a patient with acute retroviral syndrome, which laboratory test best confirms the diagnosis?
• What proportion of trauma-related deaths are due to head trauma?
• A distal tibia fracture in a 5-year-old with separation of the epiphysis and a small chip fracture of the metaphysis corresponds to which Salter-Harris type?
• A teenage girl presents with polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, and a high plasma glucose with metabolic acidosis. The most likely diagnosis is which of the following?
• Which combination of steps is recommended for mild thermal burns?
• In a boxer fracture, which finding indicates referral for reduction in addition to angulation?
• For otitis externa, which topical regimen is commonly used?
• Which congenital condition is known to increase the risk for aortic dissection?
• What symptoms characterize a pulmonary embolism?
• Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle?
• Calcium channel blocker overdose typically presents with which effect on blood sugar?
• What are the hyperkalemia electrocardiographic changes?
• Osler nodes and Janeway lesions are clinical clues to which condition?
• Which combination can cause hypermagnesemia?
• An elderly man with diabetes presents with dehydration and confusion after being found outdoors in cold weather. Which condition is most likely to explain his acute mental status changes?
• What are the three phases of Lyme disease?
• In a greenstick fracture, which radiographic description best describes this fracture?
• According to CDC guidelines, what induration size is considered positive in HIV-positive individuals or those with HIV risk factors?
• What is the most common injury leading to septic shock?
• Which antiviral is commonly used to treat influenza when started early?
• Which of the following is a SIRS criterion related to temperature?
• In suspected glaucoma, intraocular pressure is typically above which value?
• What is the goal of immediate trauma care, often referred to as the golden hour?
• Dilation of large conducting airways due to congenital or acquired conditions is called what?
• In the sequence for correcting fluids and electrolytes, which component is addressed third?
• Which electrolyte disturbance presents with absent deep tendon reflexes and hypotension in severe cases?
• In the tamponade scenario, which intervention may be used but would not relieve the symptoms?
• What type of patient is contraindicated for prostate exam by DRE?
• Hypotension is defined as a systolic blood pressure less than what value, or a drop from baseline by more than 30 mmHg?
• What x-rays should you order for a shoulder dislocation?
• Which is the most serious systemic complication associated with Kawasaki disease?
• In atrial flutter, which medication is useful for chronic atrial flutter heart rate management or for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion?
• Which antidote is used for tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
• Which term describes a hernia in which bowel edema compromises its blood supply?
• Which condition presents with severe pain out of proportion, heaviness, brown skin discoloration, malodorous discharge, crepitus, and low-grade fever?
• Optic disc swelling caused by increased intracranial pressure is known as:
• What is the definitive treatment for testicular torsion?
• Which analgesic should be avoided for pain in splenic rupture according to the material?
• Which of the following is NOT among substances typically checked in known overdoses?
• Which two cervical vertebrae account for the greatest amount of axial rotation?
• A sprain involves injury to which connective tissues?
• Initial management of suspected cholera focuses on what?
• What is the recommended splinting position for mallet finger?
• For Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome, which IV antibiotic combination is recommended?
• Which spider bite is classically associated with a painless bite that can progress to a necrotic eschar?
• Which condition is a nonanion gap metabolic acidosis cause?
• Severe dehydration is diagnosed with signs such as dry mucosa and tachycardia; what IV regimen best matches this scenario?
• Which medication class is commonly used to reduce fluid overload in congestive heart failure?
• What is the recommended reduction maneuver for a patellar dislocation?
• Which finding is most consistent with a brown recluse spider bite?
• Which medication is used to treat pruritus in biliary cirrhosis?
• Which rotator cuff muscle is most commonly injured?
• What imaging modality is described as the imaging gold standard for stroke evaluation?
• Which agent and combination is listed as the agent of choice for lowering BP in hypertensive encephalopathy, intracranial bleeding, and heart failure, with consideration for dissecting aneurysm?
• Which antibiotic class is commonly used to treat pertussis?
• A patient with a history of SVT who failed vagal maneuvers is given a drug that acutely terminates the arrhythmia by slowing conduction through the AV node. Which drug is the first-line choice?
• For a diabetic foot ulcer less than 2 cm, superficial, with no fever or ischemic changes, which management is appropriate?
• What core temperature defines heat stroke?
• Which antibiotic option is appropriate for outpatient management of a non-limb-threatening diabetic foot ulcer?
• In pit viper envenomation, what coagulation abnormality may be observed?
• Which medication is commonly used to acutely lower blood pressure in hypertensive emergencies?
• Complications associated with changes in environmental pressure and with breathing compressed gas are known as what?
• For central diabetes insipidus, what is the first-line pharmacologic treatment?
• For mild bronchiolitis, which treatment is commonly used?
• How can some people survive a lightning strike?
• Which description best fits a local reaction to Hymenoptera stings?
• The recommended door-to-balloon time for PCI in STEMI is how many minutes?
• Exudates occur when which type of factors that regulate pleural fluid are altered?
• Which fracture is a radial fracture with distal ulna dislocation?
• What is the progression from injury to death?
• When should visual acuity and pH testing be performed after an ocular chemical splash?
• Friction rub is most likely heard in which condition?
• Exudates are characterized by which of the following?
• In sexually active adolescents, which organism is a common cause of septic arthritis?
• Back pain with a positive crossed straight leg test and diminished reflexes is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Which fracture pattern is produced by a rotational force?
• Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome management includes:
• What is the therapeutic INR for warfarin for most patients?
• Which of the following is a biomechanical factor contributing to patellofemoral syndrome?
• What is the treatment for retinal detachment to correct the tear?
• Which organism is involved in Toxic Shock Syndrome?
• Which combination constitutes the classic triad of Wernicke's encephalopathy?
• Which statement accurately describes the Rule of 9's for estimating burn size?
• RMSF is caused by which organism?
• Which obstetric condition is defined as hypertension (>140/90) with proteinuria and edema during pregnancy?
• Which radiographic finding is most characteristic of a pericardial effusion?
• Rusty sputum pneumonia is most commonly caused by which organism?
• A 35-year-old woman presents with multiple ulcerative lesions on the labia; Tzanck preparation shows multinucleated giant cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which of the following is NOT a symptom of early hypothermia?
• A 4-year-old child ingested a substance found in a purse, causing vomiting and abdominal pain. Which medication is most likely involved?
• Which shoulder reduction technique uses traction plus counter-traction to reduce a dislocated shoulder?
• No nitroglycerin in which kind of MI?
• What are the most common foreign bodies causing airway obstruction in children?
• What is the typical prognosis of central cord syndrome?
• In first trimester vaginal bleeding, which type of abortion is defined by an open cervical os with no products of conception expelled?
• The rotator cuff consists of which four muscles?
• What serum sodium level defines hypernatremia?
• A posterior hip dislocation typically presents with which limb position?
• What physical finding is most characteristic of pericarditis?
• What are the characteristics of 1st degree frostbite (frostnip)?
• Which type of volvulus is most commonly treated with rectal tube insertion?
• What are the 6 levels of motor response in the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• C6 radiculopathy typically presents with weakness in which muscle groups?
• Febrile seizures in children are most commonly characterized by which of the following?
• Which type of leg ulcer is typically punched-out with hair loss?
• Which of the following is a common cause of hypotonic euvolemic hyponatremia?
• Which of the following lists the components of the Primary Survey in trauma care?
• The classic triad of symptoms for a valvular disease is abbreviated ASH. Which three features are included?
• If epistaxis does not respond to anterior packing, which type of epistaxis should be suspected?
• What is a positive Kehr sign indicative of?
• A patient with hip surgery presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypoxia. What is the best test to diagnose suspected pulmonary embolism?
• Pulmonary ______ occurs when resistance to flow across the pulmonary vasculature increases.
• A painless lump on the wrist that recurs is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Late decelerations are described as which pattern on fetal monitoring?
• Which finding is NOT typical of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State?
• Which set of findings defines malignant hypertension in this material?
• Which of the following is NOT among the five T's?
• An elderly patient with a hot, swollen knee aspirated; which bacterial organism is most likely septic arthritis?
• What are the prehospital treatments for ACS?
• In overdose decontamination, which method is most commonly used?
• Which anti-secretory agent is listed for diarrhea management in the material?
• Class I hypovolemic shock is characterized by which of the following?
• Which finding would most strongly indicate necrotizing fasciitis rather than cellulitis?
• In areas with known chloroquine resistance, which malaria regimen is preferred?
• In frostbite management, which blister type is considered less favorable?
• Treatment for suspected adrenal crisis should include which of the following?
• What is the most common form of tetanus?
• What is the recommended BP-lowering target pattern in malignant hypertension?
• A 65-year-old recent alcoholic with dyspnea on exertion and orthopnea due to beriberi should be treated with which?
• What are the imaging modalities of choice for suspected cholecystitis and appendicitis, respectively?
• Klebsiella pneumoniae is particularly associated with pneumonia in which populations?
• Which mnemonic is used to remember the signs of arterial insufficiency?
• What are the classic symptoms of aortic stenosis?
• In trauma during pregnancy, what position is recommended to avoid supine hypotension syndrome?
• Which CSF profile is most typical of viral meningitis?
• Which diagnosis is associated with vesiculopapular eruption over clothed areas in a hot environment?
• Which mechanism is NOT associated with a wedge fracture?
• A disk herniation compressing the L5 nerve root may present with weakness of which muscle?
• Which of the following is a cause of hypocalcemia?
• What is the normal arterial range for PaCO2?
• In macular degeneration, which form cannot be prevented?
• In Class 3 hypovolemic shock, urine output is?
• Patchy areas of alopecia with broken off hairs and scales at the periphery.
• During treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, which electrolyte must be monitored and possibly supplemented to prevent hypokalemia?
• In gout, which joint is most commonly involved in the initial attack?
• Which antibiotic is the first-line treatment for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
• According to the American Heart Association, the tPA window can be expanded up to how many hours?
• In blowout fracture radiographs, which sign reflects bone fragments in the sinus?
• Which regimen is recommended for Trichomoniasis treatment in a single dose?
• Fracture of the proximal ulna with anterior dislocation of the radial head is known as which fracture?
• Among structural causes of syncope, which is most common in the elderly population?
• Kussmaul sign is seen in which condition?
• Most thoracolumbar fractures are located between which vertebral levels?
• Which biomarker is most sensitive for myocardial necrosis?
• What symptom is vaginal purulent discharge caused by?
• Which shoulder dislocation reduction technique is commonly associated with gentle traction and abduction?
• Which Salter-Harris type is characterized by injury to the growth plate with no metaphyseal or epiphyseal fracture?
• A suspected aspirin overdose presents with which acid-base disturbance?
• The definitive imaging test to order when a patient has back pain with neurological deficits is:
• In a known drug overdose, clinicians commonly check serum levels of which three substances?
• Four factors for ____ potential are given the greatest weight: 1. depression or hopelessness 2. rational thinking loss 3. organized or serious attempt 4. stated future attempt
• An indirect inguinal hernia is explained by which description?
• An 18-year-old woman presents with fever, confusion, and a petechial rash. CSF analysis shows elevated WBCs, elevated protein, and decreased glucose. Which organism is most likely the cause of bacterial meningitis in this age group?
• Which diagnostic study would be most useful in establishing a diagnosis of infective endocarditis in a patient with S. aureus bacteremia?
• Which depth categories are used to describe burns?
• Which respiratory pattern is commonly observed in alcoholic ketoacidosis?
• Epidural hematoma on CT is typically described as which shape?
• Trousseau sign is best described as what?
• In S1 radiculopathy, which reflex is decreased?
• Where should a patient with heat stroke be admitted for monitoring and treatment?
• Which is a recognized treatment for ciguatera poisoning?
• For Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, what is the initial management?
• Infant with tender skin, diffuse erythema, sand-paper skin followed by large bullae and sloughing; positive Nikolsky sign.
• What causes pseudohyperkalemia?
• In disseminated intravascular coagulation, which transfusion product is listed as a treatment option?
• Which natriuretic peptide is released from the ventricles in response to increased wall tension?
• Which vascular territory is most likely affected in a stroke presenting with contralateral leg weakness greater than arm weakness and incontinence?
• Posterior epistaxis is harder to manage because it originates from which plexus?
• Which nerve root primarily innervates the anterior tibialis muscle?
• What is the most common organism causing septic shock?
• Which labs/imaging are ordered to diagnose pancreatitis?
• Which preventive measure is commonly recommended in chemical skin burns after exposure?
• Which of the following is an appropriate initial treatment for sunburn?
• What is the mainstay of therapy for von Willebrand disease?
• Which fluid should never be used to replace volume?
• Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of a cholestatic liver disease such as biliary cirrhosis?
• Hypercalcemia commonly presents on ECG with which change?
• What is the most common radiologic finding in a tension pneumothorax?
• Which intravenous agent reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing vitreous or aqueous volume in acute angle-closure glaucoma?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed cause of hypercalcemia?
• Sickle cell patient with chest pain, dyspnea, cough, and fever. Most likely diagnosis?
• Chvostek sign is described as which of the following?
• Which bone fracture is most commonly associated with acute compartment syndrome?
• A middle-aged patient with a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur best heard at the right upper sternal border radiating to the carotids is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• What is the gold standard imaging for diagnosing suspected kidney injury after trauma?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed cause of hypovolemic shock?
• Which infection is commonly associated with precipitating erythema multiforme?
• Which heart valve is most commonly affected by infective endocarditis?
• Acute back pain is defined as pain lasting less than how many weeks?
• Which feature is more typical of epididymitis than testicular torsion?
• What ECG finding is characteristic of acute pericarditis?
• A patient with sudden tearing chest pain radiating to the back and unequal arm blood pressures is most concerning for which condition?
• Which of the following is a first-line hepatitis B antiviral agent?
• Jefferson fracture refers to fracture of which vertebra?
• Which combination of approximate systolic blood pressures correctly matches the presence of pulses at the radial, femoral, and carotid arteries?
• Which AV block is defined by a sudden block in a P wave with no change in PR interval?
• Which treatment is the treatment of choice for salicylate overdose?
• Which treatment option is appropriate for heat rash?
• Which cervical vertebrae innervate the diaphragm?
• Lateral neck radiography showing prevertebral soft-tissue swelling with forward displacement of the esophagus and trachea is most consistent with which condition?
• In Class 4 hypovolemic shock, estimated blood loss is?
• What is a typical physical examination finding in acute pericarditis?
• Which group is most likely to suffer mushroom poisoning?
• What is the most common condition associated with acute lung injury and ARDS?
• Posterior epistaxis arises from the Woodruff plexus; which option lists the correct plexus?
• In hyperkalemia, which is used to stabilize the cardiac membrane?
• Which of the following is a common complication of tibial fractures?
• What is the hallmark sign of heat stroke?
• Which disease is characterized by hydrophobia and rapidly progressive encephalitis following exposure?
• In a patient presenting with chest pain, which finding would most strongly support myocardial infarction?
• On a lateral neck radiograph, which sign is classically associated with epiglottitis?
• Which symptoms are commonly associated with digoxin toxicity in heart failure patients?
• Which organism causes syphilis?
• What is the first consideration in the management of an adolescent with an eating disorder and weight concerns?
• A classic skin finding in erythema multiforme is what?
• Which combination of signs characterizes a tension pneumothorax?
• What echocardiographic finding is described in pericarditis?
• Which organism causes erysipeloid with marginating plaques after handling fish?
• For gonorrhea and chlamydia coinfection, which regimen is recommended?
• Sensory testing for the radial nerve includes which area?
• What describes the role of ursodeoxycholic acid in biliary cirrhosis?
• A 55-year-old woman with mitral stenosis presents with dyspnea and palpitations; which tachyarrhythmia is most likely on EKG?
• In epididymitis among men over 40, the usual pathogens are from which category?
• Which carpal bone is the most commonly fractured?
• Which fracture is a fracture/dislocation of the atlas and axis caused by extreme hyperextension during abrupt deceleration?
• Which organism is most commonly associated with infective endocarditis in intravenous drug users?
• Which drug class places a person at high risk for Achilles tendon injury?
• A 2-year-old with acute abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea most likely has which diagnosis?
• For stable patients with suspected traumatic aortic rupture, which imaging modality is commonly used for evaluation?
• Which type of hyponatremia is characterized by hyponatremia with no signs of dehydration or volume retention?
• Among risk factors for stress fractures in athletes, which factor is associated with osteopenia and increased fracture risk, particularly in female athletes?
• Which finding is NOT part of Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade?
• Which nerve is primarily responsible for motor function to the iliopsoas and for L1-L3 dermatomes?
• Which population is at highest risk for Wernicke encephalopathy due to thiamine deficiency?
• An 18-month-old infant with congenital heart disease is diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis secondary to respiratory syncytial virus. Which therapy should be initiated?
• Visual changes and ocular pain in periorbital versus orbital infections are more suggestive of which condition?
• Which cardiac marker is the test of choice and rises 2-6 hours after myocardial infarction and remains elevated for 5-10 days?
• What is a recommended initial management step for hypothermia?
• What is pathognomonic for a lightning strike injury?
• A Rh-negative woman at 14 weeks gestation presents with vaginal bleeding and clots. What Rhogam dose is indicated?
• A patient presents with fatigue, anxiety, and palpitations; exam reveals a midsystolic click. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is the standard initial treatment for an acute myocardial infarction?
• A 66-year-old man with hypertension presents with sudden tearing chest and back pain, hypotension, and a diastolic murmur best heard at the base. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which statement correctly describes Type 3 pelvic fracture?
• Partial flexion at the PIP joint with extension at the DIP joint is characteristic of which finger deformity?
• A 19-year-old with psychosis uses made-up words and phrases. What type of verbal utterance is this?
• What is the most likely type of shoulder dislocation in a patient who has a traumatic event and cannot move the shoulder?
• Gonococcal urethritis typically presents with what symptom?
• What is the antibiotic prophylaxis for open fractures?
• Which organism is commonly associated with native valve endocarditis?
• What are the most common causes of cardiomyopathy?
• Placental abruption is typically associated with which features?
• Pain and tenderness over the patella with a joint effusion is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• What is the Nikolsky sign?
• How long does it take before Lyme disease can be transmitted from a tick to a person?
• Current anticoagulation with INR 2-3 is considered what in the decision to use thrombolysis?
• A 17-year-old male with tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, and mydriasis after a drug exposure; most likely diagnosis?
• In suspected acute epiglottitis, which diagnostic test is indicated to assess airway risk?
• Botulism is caused by a neurotoxin produced by which organism?
• In a patient presenting with fatigue, jaundice, pruritus, yellow plaques, osteoarthritis, and portal hypertension, which diagnosis is most likely?
• Heat tetany is best managed by which initial step?
• What is an appropriate initial management step for vasovagal syncope?
• Which statement about troponin testing is true?
• Which topical therapy is commonly used as first-line treatment for psoriasis?
• What is assessed in the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• In infections with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli, which intervention is contraindicated?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for central retinal artery occlusion?
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most commonly due to hypertrophy of which structure, and which heart sound is commonly associated?
• Bennett fracture is an oblique fracture of which bone near the carpometacarpal joint?
• Which two diagnostic tools are used to rule out an ectopic pregnancy?
• Hemophilia A is treated with which clotting factor?
• In evaluating acid-base disorders, what is the first step?
• Which statement is NOT a component of a Maisonneuve fracture?
• What is the drug of choice for treating Necator americanus (hookworm) infection?
• Which EKG finding is most consistent with a pulmonary embolism?
• Which clinical sign is most characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis?
• Which of the following is a treatment option for glaucoma mentioned in the material?
• Which topical treatment is appropriate for mild thermal burns?
• What is the definition of hypothermia?
• In a patient with a fracture of the orbital floor, which nerve is most likely affected, causing decreased sensation of the cheek?
• In hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, what is the urine output goal during fluid therapy?
• A 59-year-old woman sustains second- and third-degree burns to the head and neck, anterior surfaces of both arms, one leg, and the trunk including the genital area. Using the Rule of Nines, which estimate best reflects the total burn area?
• With knee ligamentous injuries -- which ligament is not usually treated with surgery?
• The most common intracranial aneurysm is a berry aneurysm located in which vascular territory?
• Orchitis is an inflammation of the testes often due to which virus?
• Noninvasive management options for congestive heart failure include which of the following?
• Which surgical option is used for treating arterial insufficiency?
• In dysfunctional uterine bleeding, what is the gold standard method to determine whether ovulation has occurred?
• A 36-year-old man with a pattern of disregard for others, impulsivity, and repeated legal problems is most consistent with which personality disorder?
• Fracture along the length of the radius with injury at the distal radioulnar joint is known as which fracture?