Tx for frostbite?

Tx for frostbite?

• A. Rapid rewarming in circulating water at 40-42 C
• B. Topical aloe vera
• C. Splint and elevate affected extremity
• D. Update tetanus

Answer: (A)

Frostbite treatment hinges on rapid restoration of tissue perfusion to limit ice-crystal damage and tissue necrosis. The best initial step is rewarming the affected part promptly in circulating water kept at about 40–42°C (104–108°F) for 15–30 minutes, until the tissue becomes pliable and color returns. This controlled warm-up minimizes further injury compared with slower warming or dry heat, and it significantly improves tissue viability. Rewarming should be stopped if refreezing is a risk, and it should be done with care to avoid burns from heat. After rewarming, protect the tissue with sterile dressings, avoid rubbing or massaging, and immobilize or splint as needed to prevent further injury. Elevation can help reduce edema, and pain control with NSAIDs is commonly used. Tetanus prophylaxis should be considered based on exposure and immunization history, but it addresses general wound care rather than the frostbite injury itself. Topical aloe vera lacks evidence and is not a standard treatment for frostbite.

Frostbite treatment hinges on rapid restoration of tissue perfusion to limit ice-crystal damage and tissue necrosis. The best initial step is rewarming the affected part promptly in circulating water kept at about 40–42°C (104–108°F) for 15–30 minutes, until the tissue becomes pliable and color returns. This controlled warm-up minimizes further injury compared with slower warming or dry heat, and it significantly improves tissue viability. Rewarming should be stopped if refreezing is a risk, and it should be done with care to avoid burns from heat.

After rewarming, protect the tissue with sterile dressings, avoid rubbing or massaging, and immobilize or splint as needed to prevent further injury. Elevation can help reduce edema, and pain control with NSAIDs is commonly used. Tetanus prophylaxis should be considered based on exposure and immunization history, but it addresses general wound care rather than the frostbite injury itself. Topical aloe vera lacks evidence and is not a standard treatment for frostbite.